Clusters of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pubs, Bars and Nightclubs in Bangkok, 2020

Authors

  • Somkid Kripattanapong Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
  • Charuttaporn Jitpeera Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
  • Suphanat Wongsanuphat Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
  • Mila Issarasongkhram Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Bangkok, Thailand
  • Anek Mungaomklang Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Bangkok, Thailand
  • Rapeepong Suphanchaimat Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand; International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v13i4.262795

Keywords:

coronavirus disease, COVID-19, Thailand, nightclub, contact tracing, sentinel surveillance

Abstract

Two clusters of COVID-19 cases were identified in Bangkok, Thailand linked to entertainment areas, including pubs, bars and nightclubs in March 2020. A joint investigation was carried out by healthcare staff and epidemiologists from the Division of Epidemiology of Department of Disease Control and the Urban Disease Control and Prevention. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to describe characteristics of the outbreak clusters, perform contact tracing, and provide recommendations for outbreak control. In total, there were 15 cases in the first cluster and 31 cases in the second cluster; including both the index cases and cases that were later identified from contact tracing. Sharing utensils, glasses and cigarettes was a key risk behavior. Moreover, active case finding was done among the personnel of a pub linked to the majority of the cases. Eighteen percent of the workers in this pub was infected with SARS-CoV-2. After the reopening of pubs, bars and nightclubs, a sentinel surveillance policy and close monitoring program among people with a history of travelling to or working at entertainment places was implemented.

References

World Health Organization. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it>

World Health Organization. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations>

World Health Organization. COVID-19 situation reports [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports>

Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):401–2.

Cheung E. Thailand confirms first case of Wuhan virus outside China. South China Morning Post [Internet]. 2020 Jan 13 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3045902/wuhan-pneumonia-thailand-confirms-first-case>

Pongpirul WA, Pongpirul K, Ratnarathon AC, Prasithsirikul W. Journey of a Thai Taxi driver and novel coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(11):1067–8.

Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand. COVID-19 situation reports [Internet]. Nonthaburi: Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand; [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://covid19.ddc.moph.go.th/>

Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand. Guideline for COVID-19 Investigation, version 3 Mar 2020 [Internet]. Nonthaburi: Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand; [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://ddc.moph.go.th/viralpneumonia/file/guidelines/G_Invest_03_2.pdf>. Thai.

Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health Thailand. Manual of COVID-19 laboratory detection [Internet]. Nonthaburi: Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health Thailand; [updated 2020 Feb 17, cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www3.dmsc.moph.go.th/post-view/680>. Thai.

Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand. Guideline for COVID-19 investigation, version 23 March 2020 [Internet]. Nonthaburi: Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand; [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://ddc.moph.go.th/viralpneumonia/file/g_srrt/g_srrt_250363.pdf>. Thai.

Wangcharoen S. Bangkok malls to close from Sunday. Bangkok Post [Internet]. 2020 Mar 21 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1883570>

Pattaya Mail. Thailand to allow drinking alcohol in restaurants June 15. Pattaya Mail [Internet]. 2020 Jun [cited 2020 May 5] <https://www.pattayamail.com/news/thailand-to-allow-drinking-alcohol-in-restaurants-june-15-303561>

Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand. Daily report of COVID-19 in Thailand [Internet]. Nonthaburi: Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand; 2020 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://ddc.moph.go.th/viralpneumonia/index.php>

Furuse Y, Sando E, Tsuchiya N, Miyahara R, Yasuda I, Ko YK, et al. Clusters of coronavirus disease in communities, Japan, January–April 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(9):2176–9.

The Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health HK. Latest situation of cases of COVID-19 (as of 14 June 2020) [Internet]. Hong Kong: Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health; [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/local_situation_covid19_en.pdf>

Sum LK. Chan H. Coronavirus: 19 new Hong Kong infections linked to growing nightlife cluster, including from Lan Kwai Fong, bringing tally to 43. South China Morning Post [Internet]. 2020 Mar 27 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3077251/loss-taste-and-smell-listed-covid-19-symptom-hong>

Knibbs LD, Morawska L, Bell SC, Grzybowski P. Room ventilation and the risk of airborne infection transmission in 3 health care settings within a large teaching hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2011;39(10):866–72.

Lu J, Gu J, Li K, Xu C, Su W, Lai Z, et al. COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with Air Conditioning in Restaurant, Guangzhou, China, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(7):1628–31.

Salmon A. A Covid-19 turns the lights out on Asia’s nightlife. Asia Times [Internet]. 2020 May 19 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://asiatimes.com/2020/05/lights-go-out-over-asias-nightlife/>

Sooyeon. S. Korea still vigilant over community spread; club cluster brought under control. Yonhap news Agency [Internet]. 2020 May 19 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200519002100320?section=news>

Mengyan G. HK virus cases shoot up 25% on Friday. The Nation Thailand [Internet]. 2020 Mar 21 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30384556?utm_source=homepage&utm_medium=internal_referral>

Ryall J. Coronavirus: Tokyo’s nightlife districts linked to rise in virus patients in their 30s and 40s. South China Morning Post [Internet]. 2020 Apr 2 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3078156/coronavirus-tokyos-nightlife-districts-linked-rise>

Sun K, Viboud C. Impact of contact tracing on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;2019(20):2019–20.

Wongsanuphat S, Jitpeera C, Konglapamnuay D, Nilphat C. Contact Tracing and Awareness-Raising Measures for Travelers Arriving in Thailand from High Risk Areas of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Cluster of Imported COVID-19 Cases from Italy, March 2020. OSIR. 2020;13(2):38–47.

World Health Organization. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2020 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations>

Wongsanuphat S, Wonghirundecha T, Boonwisat P, Kerdsalung K. Behavioral and Environmental Factors Associated with an Influenza Outbreak in a Prison of Thailand. OSIR. 2019;12(4):116–25.

van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. New Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1564–7.

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems in the context of COVID-19 [Internet]. Sweden: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2020 Jun 22 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Ventilation-in-the-context-of-COVID-19.pdf>

Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand. Target group for COVID-19 to diagnosis, treatment, investigation and active case finding among risk population/places (Sentinel surveillance). Nonthaburi: Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand; 2020. 14 p.

Bruns DP, Kraguljac NV, Bruns TR. COVID-19: Facts, Cultural Considerations, and Risk of Stigmatization. J Transcult Nurs. 2020;31(4):326–32.

Mala D, Nanuam W. Pubs set to reopen in July. Bangkok Post [Internet]. 2020 Jun 22 [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1938672/pubs-set-to-reopen-in-july>

Ditsungnern M. Huge list of 22 rules for pubs & bars to follow when reopening on July 1st [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 5]. <https://sawadeesiam.com/thailand/huge-list-of-22-rules-for-pubs-bars-to-follow-when-reopening-on-july-1st/>

Published

2020-12-30

How to Cite

Kripattanapong, S., Jitpeera, C., Wongsanuphat, S., Issarasongkhram, M., Mungaomklang, A., & Suphanchaimat, R. (2020). Clusters of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pubs, Bars and Nightclubs in Bangkok, 2020. Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal, 13(4), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v13i4.262795

Issue

Section

Original article