Self-awareness of Health Conditions and Service Utilization among People with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Thailand, 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i3.265405Keywords:
health service utilization, non-communicable diseases, ThailandAbstract
This study aims to assess the self-reported prevalence of three common non-communicable diseases (NCDs), namely diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), determine the proportion of Thai residents with these diseases who utilize health services, and explore factors associated with service utilization. We used data from Thailand’s Health and Welfare Survey 2019. We describe the characteristics of those who utilized services and explore factors associated with service utilization using a logistic regression. The prevalence of DM, HTN and COPD among individuals aged at least 15 years was 5.8%, 11.0% and 0.2%, respectively. A high prevalence of these NCDs was observed among older people, those with low education, rural residents, and the unemployed. Those in the richest quintile reported utilizing less services than the poorest. We found associations between having two comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.50), living in the northeast (AOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12–1.53) and being unemployed (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.42) with increased the utilization. The findings highlight the importance of screening services to minimize undiagnosed NCDs, and increase awareness among underserved populations. Provision of awareness campaigns and health education related to NCDs are urgently needed.
References
World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases progress monitor 2020 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 Jun 12 [cited 2022 May 16]. <https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240000490>
World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2022 Mar 10]. <https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases>
World Health Organization. Burden of noncommunicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [Internet]. Cairo: WHO Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean; [cited 2022 Mar 10]. <https://www.emro.who.int/noncommunicable-diseases/publications/burden-of-noncommunicable-diseases-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region.html>
Kostova D, Husain MJ, Sugerman D, Hong Y, Saraiya M, Keltz J, et al. Synergies between communicable and noncommunicable disease programs to enhance global health security. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;23(13):S40–6. doi:10.3201/eid2313.170581.
World Health Organization. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 [cited 2022 Mar 10]. 62 p. <https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44203>
Vongmongkol V, Viriyathorn S, Wanwong Y, Wangbanjongkun W, Tangcharoensathien V. Annual prevalence of unmet healthcare need in Thailand: evidence from national household surveys between 2011 and 2019. Int J Equity Health. 2021 Nov 12;20(1):244. doi:10.1186/s12939-021-01578-0.
Paek SC, Meemon N, Wan TTH. Thailand’s universal coverage scheme and its impact on health-seeking behavior. Springerplus. 2016 Nov 10;5(1):1952. doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3665-4.
Xie Y, Ma M, Zhang Y, Tan X. Factors associated with health literacy in rural areas of Central China: structural equation model. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019 May 10;19(1):300. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4094-1.
Van Minh H, Oh J, Giang KB, Bao Ngoc N, Minh Hoang N, Giang Huong TT, et al. Health service utilization among people with noncommunicable diseases in Rural Vietnam. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2018;24 Suppl 2:S60–6. doi:10.1097/PHH.0000000000000696.
National Statistical Office of Thailand. Health and welfare survey 2019 [Internet]. Bangkok: National Statistical Office, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society; 2019 [cited 2022 Mar 9]. 130 p. <http://www.nso.go.th/sites/2014en/Pages/Statistical%20Themes/Population-Society/Social%20Security/Health--Welfare.aspx>. Thai.
Prakongsai P. An application of the asset index for measuring household living standards in Thailand. SSRN [Preprint]. 2006 Apr 4 [cited 2022 Mar 9]. <http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1080909>
Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Public Health. Situation of NCD 2019 [Internet]. Nonthaburi: Division of Non-Communicable Diseases; 2020 May [cited 2022 Apr 3]. 87 p. <http://www.thaincd.com/document/file/download/knowledge/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84NCDs63update.pdf>. Thai.
Aekplakorn W, editor. Thailand’s National Health Examination Survey VI 2019–2020 [Internet]. Bangkok: Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; 2021 Sep [cited 2022 Mar 25]. 345 p. <https://kb.hsri.or.th/dspace/handle/11228/5425>
Arokiasamy P, Uttamacharya, Kowal P, Capistrant BD, Gildner TE, Thiele E, et al. Chronic noncommunicable diseases in 6 low- and middle-income countries: findings from wave 1 of the world health organization’s study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE). Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Mar 15;185(6):414–28. doi:10.1093/aje/kww125.
Onur I, Velamuri M. The gap between self-reported and objective measures of disease status in India. PLoS One. 2018 Aug 27;13(8):e0202786. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202786.
Bovet P, Gervasoni JP, Mkamba M, Balampama M, Lengeler C, Paccaud F. Low utilization of health care services following screening for hypertension in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania): a prospective population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2008 Dec 16;8(1):407. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-407.
Oshio T, Kan M. Educational level as a predictor of the incidences of non-communicable diseases among middle-aged Japanese: a hazards-model analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019 Jul 1;19(1):852. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7182-6.
Zajacova A, Lawrence EM. The relationship between education and health: reducing disparities through a contextual approach. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018 Apr 1;39(1):273–89. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044628.
Alfers L. Informal workers’ access to health services [Internet]. Manchester: Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing; 2015 Jul 28 [cited 2022 Mar 25]. <https://www.wiego.org/blog/informal-workers%E2%80%99-access-health-services>
Policy and Strategy Section, Bureau of Non-Communicable Diseases. 5-year national NCDS prevention and control strategic and action plan (2017–2021). Nonthaburi: Bureau of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand; 2017 May. 141 p.
Peters DH, Garg A, Bloom G, Walker DG, Brieger WR, Hafizur Rahman M. Poverty and access to health care in developing countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Jul 25;1136:161–71. doi:10.1196/annals.1425.011.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Noncommunicable disease and poverty: the need for pro-poor strategies in the Western Pacific Region: a review [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007 [cited 2022 Mar 25]. 83 p. <https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/206941>
Thungthong J, Waleekhachonloet O, Chanasopon S, Aewsuwan K, Limwattananon S, Limwattananon C, et al. Utilization and unmet healthcare need for outpatient and inpatient services of population living in Bangkok Metropolitan in 2015. Journal of Health System Research. 2017;11(3):378–90.
National Statistical Office of Thailand. Non-registered Population Survey 2020 [Internet]. Bangkok: National Statistical Office, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society; 2021 [cited 2022 Mar 25]. 42 p. <http://www.nso.go.th/sites/2014en/Survey/social/domographic/non_registered/population2020.pdf>. Thai.
Hfocus. BMA expand medical services- increase access to health service for non-register population [Internet]. Udonthani: Hfocus.org; 2019 Dec 21 [cited 2022 Mar 21]. <https://www.hfocus.org/content/2019/12/18225>. Thai.
Sum G, Koh GCH, Mercer SW, Wei LY, Majeed A, Oldenburg B, et al. Patients with more comorbidities have better detection of chronic conditions, but poorer management and control: findings from six middle-income countries. BMC Public Health. 2020 Jan 6;20(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-8112-3.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH study examines relationship between employment status, healthcare access, and health outcomes [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021 Nov 18 [cited 2022 May 17]. <https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/updates/upd-11-18-21.html>
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
