Differences Between Traditional and Alternative Method in Assessing Acid-Base Disturbances
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Abstract
The maintenance of acid-base balance is crucial for normal physiological functioning, and it is achieved through the interaction of the respiratory, renal, and buffer systems. Acid-base disturbances can be caused by various factors, and their evaluation is critical for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The traditional method of assessing acid-base status, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, is widely used to evaluate simple or mixed metabolic and respiratory acid-base disorders, and it takes into account the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, a critical factor in regulating acid-base balance. However, it has limitations in its ability to evaluate unmeasured anions and cations, particularly in the presence of non- bicarbonate buffers. The alternative method, the Strong Ion Difference, is widely used in critical care medicine as it takes into account multiple acid-base disturbances, including changes in unmeasured ions and weak acids. It is more accurate in the presence of non- bicarbonate buffers, such as lactate or albumin, which can contribute to the imbalance. However, it has limited utility in assessing respiratory disorders. Both methods have their assumptions and limitations, and the choice of method can affect treatment decisions.
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