Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Hand Hygiene Among Visitors in Intensive Care Unit
Keywords:
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Hand Hygiene, VisitorsAbstract
Hand hygiene is the most effective measure in prevention of microorganism transmission and hospital-associated infections. When people visit the hospital, they can acquire and transmit microorganisms from the hospital to the community. It is necessary that visitors practice correct hand hygiene while visiting patients. This descriptive study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude, and practices in hand hygiene among visitors and determine the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practices in hand hygiene of visitors. Samples included 228 visitors of patients who were admitted in medical, surgical, and pediatric intensive care units of a general hospital from November 2015 to April 2016. The study instrument used was a four-part questionnaire developed by the researcher which consisted of general information of visitors, knowledge, attitude and practices in hand hygiene. The content validity of questionnaire was assessed by five experts. The content validity index of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 0.95, 0.98 and 1, respectively. The reliability of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 0.76, 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
In the study, 71.5% of the participants were female aged between 18 - 66 years old with a mean age of 36.7. Thirty two percent and 46.5% of the participants graduated from elementary and high school respectively. Each participant was visited 2 - 42 times. Forty seven point eight and 23.3% of participants were either the children of patients or the parents of patients, respectively. Seventy eight point five percent of participants used to obtain hand hygiene knowledge, 61.5% obtained from nurses and 42.4% from posters. Knowledge, attitude and practices in hand hygiene of all participants were at a moderate level. Thirty five point five percent of samples had a high level of hand hygiene knowledge, 43.9% had a moderate level and 20.6% had a low level, respectively. Forty eight point seven percent and 49.6% had good and moderate attitude toward hand hygiene. Forty one point two percent of samples practiced a high level of hand hygiene, 21.5% and 37.3% practiced a moderate level and a low level, respectively. Knowledge and attitude in hand hygiene of participants were significantly positive correlated at low level (r = .357, p < .01). Knowledge and attitude did not correlate with hand hygiene practices among participants.
Promoting visitors to obtain accurate knowledge, creating an awareness of the importance and advantages of hand hygiene and promoting appropriate hand hygiene practices while visiting patients is necessary for hospitals to implement continuously in order to prevent visitors from transmitting microorganisms, especially multidrug resistant organisms, in hospitals and to the community.
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