Factors Related to Fatigue Among Gestational Diabetic Women
Keywords:
Fatigue, Sleep quality, Social support, Gestational Diabetes mellitus, Nurse-midwivesAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complication in pregnant women. Physiological, psychological and lifestyle changes can cause fatigue which then affect the pregnant women and their fetus. The purpose of this descriptive correlational research study was to explore factors related to fatigue among gestational diabetic women. The subjects were selected following the inclusion criteria and consisted of 84 gestational diabetic women who attended the antenatal care unit at Suratthani hospital from April to December 2016. The research instruments were the blood sugar recording form, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index developed by Buysee, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer (1989) which was translated into Thai by Jirapramukpitak & Tanchaisawad (1997), The Social Support Behavior Inventory developed by Boontup (1991) which was adapted from Brown's questionnaire (1986), and The Modified Fatigue Symptoms developed by Pugh, Milligan, Parks, Lenz, & Kitzman (1999) which was translated into Thai by Theerakulchai (2004). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
The research study revealed that:
- Blood sugar level of gestational diabetic women in the second and the third trimester were at a normal level, the average of blood sugar levels were 91.21 (SD = 9.25) and 91.05 (SD = 8.29) respectively.
- Sleep quality of gestational diabetic women in the second and the third trimester were at a poor level, the average scores of sleep quality were 13.69 (SD = 1.13) and 14.23 (SD = 1.37) respectively.
- Social support of gestational diabetic women in the second and the third trimester were at a high level, the average scores of social support were 59.90 (SD = 4.22) and 61.04 (SD = 3.62) respectively.
- Fatigue of gestational diabetic women in the second trimester was at a low level and in the third trimester, it was at a moderate level, the average scores of fatigue were 56.71 (SD = 12.74) and 65.47 (SD = 10.48) respectively.
- Sleep quality and social support of gestational diabetic women in the second and the third trimester were negatively statistically significant correlated with fatigue (r = -.58, -.80, p < .01 and r = -.51, -.25, p < .01 respectively). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between blood sugar level and fatigue.
The results of this study provide baseline data about sleep quality, social support, and fatigue in gestational diabetic women. It could be used by nurse-midwives in planning to prevent fatigue among gestational diabetic women.
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