Factors Related to Self-management Behaviors Among Pregnant Women at Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Self-management behaviors, Knowledge of gestational diabetes, Perception of pregnancy risk, Self-efficacy, Social supportAbstract
Currently, pregnant women who are at a high risk for gestational diabetes tend to increase this risk due to lifestyle changes. Self-management concepts in health care can promote self-control behaviors and reduce the risk of gestational diabetes. This correlational descriptive research aimed to study factors related to the self-management behavior of pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes. The sample was made up of 85 cases selected from the antenatal care unit at a secondary hospital in Chiang Rai. The research instruments included the Gestational Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire, a self-efficacy perception questionnaire, and a self-management behavior questionnaire. The content validity index was 0.88, 0.94 and 0.94, respectively. The KR-20 method of the gestational diabetes cognition questionnaire was 0.78. The reliability coefficients were 0.91, 0.89, 0.84 and 0.93, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s and Spearman's Correlation.
The results of this study indicated that self-management behaviors were statistically significant with low, positive correlation with levels of knowledge of gestational diabetes (r = .237, p < .05), but statistically significant with high, positive correlation with perceived self-efficacy and social support (r = .680, p < .001 and r = .527, p < .001, respectively). Perceived pregnancy risk was not correlated with self-management behaviors of women at risk of gestational diabetes.
The results of this research could be used as a guideline for developing an effective care model for pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes, especially for educational support regarding gestational diabetes and promoting self-efficacy to help pregnant women to be aware of self-management to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes.
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