Head Nurses’ Authentic Leadership and Group Cohesion as Perceived by Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals in Yunnan Province, China
Keywords:
Authentic leadership, Group cohesion, Nurse, Tertiary Hospital, ChinaAbstract
Group cohesion is an important factor in a nursing organization which can encourage nurses to perform creative and complex work. The purposes of this descriptive correlational study were to examine the levels of head nurses’ authentic leadership and levels of group cohesion, and to explore the relationships between head nurses’ overall authentic leadership, each dimension of authentic leadership and overall group cohesion as perceived by nurses in tertiary hospitals in Yunnan Province, China. The sample consisted of 362 nurses working in provincial tertiary hospitals in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. The research instruments included: 1) Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) translated into Chinese by Walumbwa et al. (2008); and 2) Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) revised by Eys et al. (2007) and translated from English to Chinese by this researcher. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the ALQ was .97, and for the subscales of self-awareness, international moral perspective, balanced processing and relational transparency were .91, .89, .89, and .94, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for GEQ was .98, and for the subscales of GI-T, ATG-T, GI-S, and ATG-S were .93, .97, .86, and .88, respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank-order correlation.
The results of this study were as follows:
1. Nurses in Yunnan Province perceived head nurses’ leadership and the dimensions of self-awareness, balanced processing, relational transparency at a moderate level ("X" ̅ = 2.41, SD = 0.52; "X" ̅ = 2.23, SD = 0.65; "X" ̅ = 2.25, SD = 0.67; "X" ̅ = 2.31, SD = 0.61, respectively). However, the dimension of international moral perspective was at a high level ("X" ̅ = 2.84, SD = 0.74).
2. Nurses perceived overall group cohesion and the dimensions of Group Interaction-Task (GI-T), Individual Attractions to the Group-Task (ATG-T), Group Interaction-Social (GI-S), and Individual Attractions to the Group-Social (ATG-S) at a moderate level ("X" ̅ = 5.91, SD = 1.14; "X" ̅ = 6.07, SD = 1.22; "X" ̅ = 6.02, SD = 1.27; "X" ̅ = 5.48, SD = 1.29; "X" ̅ = 6.02, SD = 1.21, respectively).
3. There were moderate level of association between head nurses’ overall authentic leadership, the dimensions of self-awareness, international moral perspective, balanced processing, relational transparency and overall group cohesion as perceived by nurses (rs = .42, p < .01; rs = .33, p < .01;
rs = .46, p < .01; rs = .30, p < .01; rs = .35, p < .01, respectively).
The findings of this study could be good for nurse managers in that they can promote nursing group cohesion by encouraging head nurses to use authentic leadership styles.
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