The Relationship between Personal Factors, Health Literacy, and Health Behaviors Among Uncontrolled Hypertensive Patients in Muang District, Chiang Mai Province
Keywords:
Health literacy, Health behaviors, Uncontrolled hypertensive patientsAbstract
Uncontrolled hypertension leads to serious complications resulting in either disability or subsequent death. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between personal factors, health literacy, and health behaviors among uncontrolled hypertensive patients attending a primary care unit in Muang district, Chiang Mai province. The sample consisted of 400 patients selected by two-stage sampling and simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires which included data about personal information, health literacy, and health behaviors. The quality of the questionnaires was confirmed with content validity indices of 0.96, 0.80, and 0.82, respectively, and the reliability of both the health literacy and health behaviors’ questionnaires was at an acceptable level (0.85 and 0.88, respectively). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, point biserial correlation, and Pearson's correlation.
The results revealed that the health literacy and health behaviors of the sample were at a poor level (63.0 % and 45.8%, respectively). Personal factors like gender and financial status were positively related to health literacy at a low level (r = .113, 114, p < 0.05), but income was negatively related to health literacy at a low level (r = -.116, p < 0.05). Furthermore, educational level, gender, and age were positively related to health behaviors at a low level (r = .198, p < .01, r = .104 and .119, p < .05). In addition, overall health literacy and each separate aspect of health literacy were positively related to health behaviors at a low level (r = 1.23 -.403, p < 0.05)
This study, therefore, points out that health literacy should be promoted among uncontrolled hypertensive patients to be a driving force for health behavior initiation leading to control of high blood pressure. In addition, gender, age, educational level, and financial status should be taken into consideration since those factors are significantly associated with both health literacy and health behaviors.
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