Safety Climate and Safety Behavior of Nurses in Regional Hospitals, Northern Region
Keywords:
Nurse in Regional Hospitals, Safety behavior, Safety climateAbstract
A safe climate-the environment and infrastructure in a hospital that enhances patient safety-also promotes the safety behavior of nurses. This descriptive correlational study aimed to examine safety climate, safety behavior, and the relationship between safety climate and safety behavior of nurses in regional hospitals in the Northern Region. The participants were 120 nurses in two regional hospitals in the Northern Region, selected using the multistage sampling method. The research instruments included 1) a demographic data form; 2) the Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations (PSCHO) questionnaire; and 3) the Safety Behavior Scale (SBS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyze the data.
The results revealed that: 1) The percentage of problematic responses regarding the overall safety climate as perceived by nurses was 17.57% (SD = 18.51). In terms of percentages of problematic responses regarding the safety climate subscales, the top three were learning, fear of blame, and fear of shame (51.11%, 22.33%, and 19.58%, respectively). 2) The safety behavior of nurses was at a high level (M = 48.44, SD = 6.60). 3) The overall safety climate was positively correlated with the safety behavior of nurses at a moderate level (r = .311, p < .01).
The findings of this study are beneficial for hospital administrators and nursing administrators to design strategies that can promote the safety climate and safety behaviors of nurses in regional hospitals in the Northern Region.
References
Anderson, D. J., Podgorny, K., Berríos-Torres, S. I., Bratzler, D. W., Dellinger, P., Greene, L., Nyguist, A. C., Saiman, L., Yokoe, D. S., Maragakis, L. L., & Kaye, K. S. (2014). Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 35(6), 605–627. https://doi.org/10.1086/676022
Badia, J. M., Casey, A. L., Petrosillo, N., Hudson, P. M., Mitchell, S. A., & Crosby, C. (2017). Impact of surgical site infection on healthcare costs and patient outcomes: A systematic review in six European countries. Journal of Hospital Infection, 96(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.03.004
Benner, P. (1984). Form novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Addison-Wesley.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations. (pp. 71-98). Jossey-Bass.
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2005). Understanding nursing research: Building evidence-based practice (6th ed.). Saunders Elsevier.
Chusrithong, R., Chiwaket, N., & Rattanakreetakul, S. (2020). Factors influencing work safety behaviors of professional nurses at community hospitals in Chon Buri Province. Journal of Health and Nursing Research, 37(2), 120-130.
Coleman, K., Tan, J. T., Norris, S., Hardy, K., Berg, T., & Metz, L. (2010). Surgical site infection in Australia: A systematic review of the incidence and economic burden. Value in Health, 13(7), A547. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1098‐3015(11)73284‐3
de Araujo, L. M. (2024). Nursing handover quality and safety behaviors of nurses in the Tertiary Hospital, the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [Unpublished master’ thesis]. Chiang Mai University.
Ding, S., Lin, F., Marshall, A., & Gillespie, B. (2017). Nurses' practice in preventing postoperative wound infections: An observational study. Journal of Wound Care, 26(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2017.26.1.28
Glendon, A. I., & Stanton, N. (2000). Perspectives on safety culture. Safety Science, 34(1-3), 193-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00013-8
Herrera, C. N., & Guirardello, E. B. (2023). Patient safety climate, quality of care, and intention of nursing professionals to remain in their job during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Patient Safety, 19(6), 403–407. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000001133
Liu, Y., Teng, W., Chen, C., & Zou, G. (2022). Correlation of safety behavior, handover quality, and risk perception: A cross sectional study among Chinese psychiatric nurses. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 1043553. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1043553
Ma, F., Zhu, Y., Liu, L., Chen, H., & Liu, Y. (2023). Work engagement and safety behavior of nurses in Specialized Cancer Hospitals: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Journal of Nursing Management, 2023, 9034073. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9034073
Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2002). Safety climate and safety behaviour. Australian Journal of Management, 27(1 Suppl.), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289620202701S08
Neal, A., Griffin, M. A., & Hart, P. M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34(1), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00008-4
Nopnob, A., Jirapongsuwan, A., Klampakorn, S., & Siri, S. (2022). Factors predicting the safety behaviors toward chemotherapy administration among registered nurses in the hospitals under the Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health in Bangkok. Royal Thai Navy Medical Journal, 49(1), 78-94.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2015.01.005
Reason, P. (1994). Three approaches to participative inquiry. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 324–339). Sage Publications.
Seo, J. K., & Lee, S. E. (2022). Mediating roles of patient safety knowledge and motivation in the relationship between safety climate and nurses’ patient safety behaviors: A structural equation modeling analysis. BMC Nursing, 21, 335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-01123-6
Sexton, J. B., Holzmueller, C.G., Pronovost, P. J., Thomas, E. J., McFerran, S., Nunes, J., Thompson, D. A., Knight, A. P., Penning, D. H., & Fox, H. E. (2006). Variation in caregiver perceptions of teamwork climate in labor and delivery units. Journal of Perinatology, 26(8), 463-470. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7211556
Shih, C. P., Chang, L. Y., Chen, J. C., Ng, C. J., Reinfeld, W., & Hsu, K. H. (2008). The factors influencing safety behavior of medical staffs in emergency room of a medical center in Taiwan. Journal of Management, 25(4), 451–465. https://jom.management.org.tw/upload/alistfs141109413074152.pdf
Singer, S., Meterko, M., Baker, L., Gaba, D., Falwell, A., & Rosen, A. (2007). Workforce perceptions of hospital safety culture: Development and validation of the patient safety climate in healthcare organizations survey. Health Services Research, 42(5), 1999–2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00706.x
Singer, S., Gaba, D., Falwell, A., Lin, S., Hayes, J., & Baker, L. (2009). Patient safety climate in 92 US hospitals: Differences by work area and discipline. Medical Care, 47(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e31817e189d
Vaismoradi, M., Salsali, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. A. (2013). Qualitative study on Iranian nurses’ experiences and perspectives on how to provide safe care in clinical practice. Journal of Research in Nursing, 18(4), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987112451578
Vincent, C., Taylor-Adams, S., & Stanhope, N. (1998). Framework for analysing risk and safety in clinical medicine. BMJ, 316(7138), 1154–1157. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7138.1154
Zhang, Y., Yu, X., Lu, X., Tang, Y., Jiang, W., Wei, Q., & Wei, L. (2023). Safety behavior and transition shock among newly graduated nurses: The mediating role of feedback-seeking behavior. Journal of Nursing Management, 2023, 9699240. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9699240
Zhou, P., Bai, F., Tang, H., Bai, J., Li, M., & Xue, D. (2018). Patient safety climate in general public hospitals in China: Differences associated with department and job type based on a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 8(4), e015604. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015604
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nursing Journal CMU
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารพยาบาลสาร
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับมหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่ และคณาจารย์ท่านอื่นๆในมหาวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใด ๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
