Effectiveness of nursing Care to Prevent Anemia in Adolescent Pregnant Women : Systematic Review
Abstract
This study was conducted as a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of nursing interventions in preventing anemia among pregnant adolescents, based on primary studies published between 2014 and 2024. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews. Relevant studies were retrieved from national and international databases, including Thai Journals Online,Google scholar, Science Direct, CINAHL and PubMed. A total of eight studies on nursing intervention for anemia prevention among pregnant adolescents met the inclusion criteria. These comprised one randomized controlled trial (RCTs) and seven quasi-experimental studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using the revised Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools, selected according to the study design. Data were analyzed using narrative synthesis.
The findings found that the effectiveness of nursing interventions in preventing anemia among adolescent pregnant women comprise three approaches: (1) health education, (2) continuous follow-up, and (3) social support. For health education, effectiveness was observed when education provided in combination with a variety of media. Continuous follow-up included telephone follow-ups, application-based follow-ups, and home visits. Regarding social support, family involvement in the monitoring and caregiving was incorporated, which enhanced pregnant adolescents’ knowledge of appropriate dietary intake and adherence to iron supplementation. Consequently, hemoglobin concentration increased after the interventions. The findings in this systematic review suggest that health education for adolescent pregnant women should be integrated with supervision and follow-up through social media platforms, which are easily accessible, convenient, fast, and responsive. Additionally, family participation should be encouraged to promote preventive behaviors against anemia and to reduce anemia-related complications among pregnant adolescents.
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