Concern of Cesarean Section Rate
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Published:
Sep 26, 2018
Keywords:
cesarean section cesarean section rate
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
Although World Health Organization defined the appropriate cesarean section rate at 10-15%, the rate is still high in many hospitals. The attempt to decrease this could be start in primary and secondary cesarean section as well as social educating and create the cultivating good moral traits in our obstetricians. However, what is more important than the "cesarean section rate" is the best health outcomes of mothers and babies that should be taken into account of the public health resources. Therefore, the rate of cesarean delivery still varies among individuals over time, population and social status.
Keywords: cesarean section; cesarean section rate
Article Details
Section
Literature Review
References
1. Menacker F, Declercq E, Macdorman MF. Cesarean delivery: background, trends, and epidemiology. Semin Perinatol. 2006 Oct;30(5):235-41.
2. MacDorman MF, Menacker F, Declercq E. Cesarean birth in the United States: epidemiology, trends, and outcomes. Clin Perinatol. 2008; 35(2):293-307.
3. Harper MA, Byington RP, Espeland MA, Naughton M, Meyer R, Lane K. Pregnancy-related death and health care services. Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 102(2):273-8.
4. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Sutton PD. Births: preliminary data for 2003. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2004; 53(9):1-17.
5. Betrán AP, Merialdi M, Lauer JA, Bing-Shun W, Thomas J, Van Look P, et al. Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007; 21(2):98-113.
6. Villar J, Valladares E, Wojdyla D, Zavaleta N, Carroli G, Velazco A, et al. Caesarean delivery rates and pregnancy outcomes: the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. Lancet. 2006; 367(9525): 1819-29.
7. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ. Births: Preliminary data for 2008. National Center for Health Statistics. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_16.pdf. Accessed: March 28, 2017.
8. Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson SA, Hodnett ED, Saigal S, Willan AR. Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2000 Oct 21. 356(9239):1375-83.
9. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 340. Mode of term singleton breech delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul. 108(1):235-7.
10. Notzon FC, Cnattingius S, Bergsjo P, Cole S, Taffel S, Irgens L, et al. Cesarean section delivery in the 1980s: international comparison by indication. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994; 170(2): 495-504.
11. Homer CS, Kurinczuk JJ, Spark P, Brocklehurst P, Knight M. Planned vaginal delivery or planned caesarean delivery in women with extreme obesity. BJOG. 2011 Mar. 118(4):480-7.
12. Chu SY, Kim SY, Schmid CH, Dietz PM, Callaghan WM, Lau J, et al. Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2007 Sep. 8 (5):385-94.
13. Grootscholten K, Kok M, Oei SG, Mol BW, van der Post JA. External cephalic version-related risks: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov. 112(5):1143-51.
14. How HY, Harris BJ, Pietrantoni M, Evans JC, Dutton S, Khoury J, et al. Is vaginal delivery preferable to elective cesarean delivery in fetuses with a known ventral wall defect?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jun. 182(6):1527-34.
15. Salihu HM, Emusu D, Aliyu ZY, Pierre-Louis BJ, Druschel CM, Kirby RS. Mode of delivery and neonatal survival of infants with isolated gastroschisis. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct. 104(4):678-83.
16. Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States. Available at https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/brief-html/3/perinatal/182/transmission-and-mode-of-delivery Accessed: August 20, 2018.
17. Scheller JM, Nelson KB. Does cesarean delivery prevent cerebral palsy or other neurologic problems of childhood?. Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Apr. 83(4):624-30.
18. Gottlieb AG, Galan HL. Shoulder dystocia: an update. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007 Sep. 34(3):501-31, xii.
19. Motomura K, Ganchimeg T, Nagata C, Ota E, Vogel JP, Betran AP, et al. Incidence and outcomes of uterine rupture among women with prior caesarean section: WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 10;7:44093. doi: 10.1038/srep44093.
20. NIH State-of-the-Science Conference Statement on Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request. NIH Consens Sci Statements. 2006. Mar 27-29; 23(1) 1–29.
21. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 161 Summary: External Cephalic Version. Obstetrics & Gynecology. February 2016. 127: 412-413.
22. Caughey AB, Cahill AG, Guise JM, Rouse DJ. Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 210(3):179-93
23. Xing LF , Ling X, Yan G, Carine R. Factors influencing rising caesarean section rates in China between 1988 and 2008. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2012; 90: 30-39A. doi: 10.2471/BLT.11.090399
2. MacDorman MF, Menacker F, Declercq E. Cesarean birth in the United States: epidemiology, trends, and outcomes. Clin Perinatol. 2008; 35(2):293-307.
3. Harper MA, Byington RP, Espeland MA, Naughton M, Meyer R, Lane K. Pregnancy-related death and health care services. Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 102(2):273-8.
4. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Sutton PD. Births: preliminary data for 2003. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2004; 53(9):1-17.
5. Betrán AP, Merialdi M, Lauer JA, Bing-Shun W, Thomas J, Van Look P, et al. Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007; 21(2):98-113.
6. Villar J, Valladares E, Wojdyla D, Zavaleta N, Carroli G, Velazco A, et al. Caesarean delivery rates and pregnancy outcomes: the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. Lancet. 2006; 367(9525): 1819-29.
7. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ. Births: Preliminary data for 2008. National Center for Health Statistics. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_16.pdf. Accessed: March 28, 2017.
8. Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson SA, Hodnett ED, Saigal S, Willan AR. Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2000 Oct 21. 356(9239):1375-83.
9. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 340. Mode of term singleton breech delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul. 108(1):235-7.
10. Notzon FC, Cnattingius S, Bergsjo P, Cole S, Taffel S, Irgens L, et al. Cesarean section delivery in the 1980s: international comparison by indication. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994; 170(2): 495-504.
11. Homer CS, Kurinczuk JJ, Spark P, Brocklehurst P, Knight M. Planned vaginal delivery or planned caesarean delivery in women with extreme obesity. BJOG. 2011 Mar. 118(4):480-7.
12. Chu SY, Kim SY, Schmid CH, Dietz PM, Callaghan WM, Lau J, et al. Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2007 Sep. 8 (5):385-94.
13. Grootscholten K, Kok M, Oei SG, Mol BW, van der Post JA. External cephalic version-related risks: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov. 112(5):1143-51.
14. How HY, Harris BJ, Pietrantoni M, Evans JC, Dutton S, Khoury J, et al. Is vaginal delivery preferable to elective cesarean delivery in fetuses with a known ventral wall defect?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jun. 182(6):1527-34.
15. Salihu HM, Emusu D, Aliyu ZY, Pierre-Louis BJ, Druschel CM, Kirby RS. Mode of delivery and neonatal survival of infants with isolated gastroschisis. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct. 104(4):678-83.
16. Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States. Available at https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/brief-html/3/perinatal/182/transmission-and-mode-of-delivery Accessed: August 20, 2018.
17. Scheller JM, Nelson KB. Does cesarean delivery prevent cerebral palsy or other neurologic problems of childhood?. Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Apr. 83(4):624-30.
18. Gottlieb AG, Galan HL. Shoulder dystocia: an update. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007 Sep. 34(3):501-31, xii.
19. Motomura K, Ganchimeg T, Nagata C, Ota E, Vogel JP, Betran AP, et al. Incidence and outcomes of uterine rupture among women with prior caesarean section: WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 10;7:44093. doi: 10.1038/srep44093.
20. NIH State-of-the-Science Conference Statement on Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request. NIH Consens Sci Statements. 2006. Mar 27-29; 23(1) 1–29.
21. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 161 Summary: External Cephalic Version. Obstetrics & Gynecology. February 2016. 127: 412-413.
22. Caughey AB, Cahill AG, Guise JM, Rouse DJ. Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 210(3):179-93
23. Xing LF , Ling X, Yan G, Carine R. Factors influencing rising caesarean section rates in China between 1988 and 2008. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2012; 90: 30-39A. doi: 10.2471/BLT.11.090399