Behavior Factors and Position of Teeth Related to Periodontal Disease in Middle-aged Adults
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Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease is an inflammation of periodontal tissues, the most prevalent oral disease found in the middle-aged leading to tooth loss later in life.
Objectives: To study the factors related to periodontal disease in middle-aged adults who had 28 remaining teeth.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study collected data of patients who received dental treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. Among those patients, 50 met the inclusion criteria i.e. aged 40 – 59 years old and had 28 remaining teeth. The potential risk factors of periodontal disease were gender, age, medical history, smoking behavior, and full periodontal status at 168 positions. Multiple logistic regression was applied to analyse the association of periodontal disease and potential risk factors at 5% significant level. Odds Ratio (ORs) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to describe magnitude of association.
Results: Factors related to periodontitis trends found were higher odds in female than male (OR 2.40, 95% CI 2.04 - 2.82). OR of periodontitis factors were 2.05 (95% CI 1.58 - 2.66) and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.19 - 2.17) in smokers and former smokers compared to nonsmokers, respectively, 2.53 (95% CI 2.09 - 3.08) in diabetes patients compared to non-diabetes, and 0.92 (95% CI 0.91 - 0.92) in one-year increasing age. The high prevalence rates of periodontal disease were found in the interproximal sides, especially between molar teeth (40 - 52 percent). In terms of type and position of tooth, OR were 4.22 (95% CI 3.59 - 5.00) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.18 - 1.71) in molar and premolar teeth, respectively compared to anterior teeth, 3.61 (95% CI 3.02 - 4.31) in interproximal positions compared to non-interproximal positions, 1.34 (95% CI 1.17 - 1.53) in cheek-side positions compared to lingual-side, and 1.22 (95% CI 1.06 - 1.40) in mandible compared to maxilla.
Conclusion: The associated factors of periodontitis were smoking history, diabetes status, gender, age and tooth type, and tooth position; especially interproximal side between molar teeth which are the positions that may need more intensive procedure than a regular dental cleaning to prevent periodontitis.
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References
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