Fluoride in Drinking Water : A Systematic Review
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Abstract
Dental caries is a major public health problem in developing countries, including Thailand. Water fluoridation has been widely implemented worldwide for several decades and evidence shows it reduces the prevalence of dental caries. World Health Organization recommending water fluoridation wherever it is politically and technically feasible. This study is a systematic review of the literature based on documented research on fluoride in drinking water. A total of 20 studies. The result have shown that water fluoridation has been shown to reduce dental caries by up to 35% in deciduous teeth and permanent teeth in children. Water fluoridation at the optimal concentration of 0.7 ppm is safe regarding the severity of the resulting fluorosis. There is no evidence that fluoride in water at optimal concentration causes any other systemic effects on humans. Factors that should be considered to implement a water fluoridation program relies upon an understanding of oral health behaviors of the population, diet and water consumption, the availability of other caries‐prevention strategies and population movement/migration. Most studies indicated that community water fluoridation remains highly cost-effective and equitable public health intervention. Water fluoridation is also exceptional in being an untargeted intervention that narrows the usually intractable health gap between different ethnic and socio-economic groups.
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