Social and Health Determinants of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Thai Older Adults: A Multidimensional Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is an important component of overall well-being in older adults. In the context of Thailand’s aging society, problems such as tooth loss and chewing difficulties persist. Simultaneously, research studies on social, health, and psychosocial determinants in the context of Thai older adults remain limited.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the oral health, functional, and psychosocial determinants associated with OHRQoL among Thai older adults.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study investigated 421 Thai older adults aged 60 years and above in Ang Thong Province. Data collection involved structured interviews using questionnaires and oral examinations. Key variables such as demographics, general and oral health status, oral health behaviors, masticatory function (CUMI), and aging perception (Thai AAQ-SF) were analyzed using binary and multivariate linear regression techniques to identify the key determinants of OHRQoL (OHIP-14 Thai).
RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 70.4 years (SD=7.2), and 70.3% were female. The mean OHIP-14 score was 5.46 (SD=7.8). Physical pain was the most frequently reported domain. Three factors showed significant associations with poorer OHRQoL: eating difficulties, avoiding group meals, and lower masticatory function scores (all p<0.001), whereas a more positive perception of aging was associated with better OHRQoL. The multiple linear regression model identified the significant determinants of OHRQoL scores (p<0.001) and explained 32.3% of its variance (adjR2=0.323).
CONCLUSIONS: Masticatory function and psychological well-being are important contributors to OHRQoL among Thai older adults. The findings emphasize the need for integrated, multidisciplinary strategies that can promote oral health and enhance quality of life in the aging population.
Thaiclinicaltrials.org number, TCTR20251116003
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