The Influence of Health Literacy, the Health Belief Model, and Preventive Practices against Food Poisoning in the Service Area of Phanat Nikhom Hospital
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Food is a fundamental factor directly impacting human health. However, when food is contaminated with pathogens, toxins, or foreign substances, it leads to “food poisoning,” a critical public health issue worldwide. In Thailand, food poisoning can occur acutely and significantly affects the economy, healthcare resources, and the quality of life of consumers. According to the World Health Organization, the primary causes are microorganisms, microbial toxins, chemical contaminants, and natural toxins.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic characteristics, Health Literacy, Health Belief Model (HBM) factors, and food poisoning Preventive Practices among residents in the service area of Phanat Nikhom Hospital. Furthermore, the influence of these variables was analyzed.
METHODS: This research is a cross-sectional analytical study. The sample consisted of 354 residents selected through convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS: The majority of the participants were female, ranging from working age to early elderly, with primary to secondary education, and low income. Most were the primary food preparers in their households. Although Health Literacy was generally high, both the Health Belief Model and Preventive Practices were at a moderate level.
CONCLUSIONS: Health Literacy and Health Belief Model showed a statistically significant positive correlation with Preventive Practices (p<0.05). Therefore, health education programs should focus on reducing perceived severity and enhancing communication skills to effectively bridge the gap between knowledge and practice. Specifically, interventions should aim to heighten perceived susceptibility by illustrating how even ‘mild’ cases can lead to long-term health complications or economic loss for the family. By enhancing communication skills, residents can more effectively advocate for food safety standards within their households and local markets. Ultimately, focusing on reducing perceived barriers and enhancing self-efficacy will empower residents to manage household hygiene effectively.
Thaiclinicaltrials.org number, TCTR20260327001
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