Proliferative Myositis: A Comprehensive Review of 33 Case Reports

Pannawat Trerattanavong; Chinnawut Suriyonplengsaeng; Jariya Waisayarat

doi:10.33165/rmj.2019.42.4.204125

Authors

Pannawat Trerattanavong Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Chinnawut Suriyonplengsaeng Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Jariya Waisayarat Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33165/rmj.2019.42.4.204125

Keywords:

Proliferative myositis, Pseudosarcomatous tumor, Spindle-like fibroblast/myofibroblast, Giant ganglion-like cell, Immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Proliferative myositis, a rare reactive intramuscular myofibroblastic proliferation, is not well recognized in clinical practice. It overgrows within a few weeks and expands the space between the muscle causing infiltrative-like border mimicking sarcoma. Knowledge of the natural history and pathology of proliferative myositis is essential in order to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgical resection. Thirty-three reported cases of proliferative myositis in PubMed and Web of Science databases from 2000 to 2018 had been reviewed with the main emphasis in clinical presentation, radiological and pathological findings, treatment, and prognosis. Both males (19 cases) and females (14 cases), predominantly the middle-aged and senior adults, were affected. Upper extremity and shoulder girdle were commonly involved. The chief complaint varied from either painful or painless mass. The traumatic injury was reported as a significant predisposing factor. The lesion typically proliferated and separated muscle bundle. Ultrasonography of the lesion revealed a characteristic “checkerboard pattern” on transverse view. The definite diagnosis was based on the demonstration of spindle-shaped fibroblast/myofibroblast admixed with giant ganglion-like cells in the biopsy. Immunohistochemistry may be useful diagnostic tool when the histopathology was inconclusive. Misdiagnosis of sarcoma occurred due to its rapid growth and infiltrative-like border. Watchful management without surgery was sufficient because of the potential for spontaneous regression. Thoroughly clinical examination and appropriate investigations, including imaging and histopathology, are crucial.

References

Kern WH. Proliferative myositis: a pseudosarcomatous reaction to injury. Arch Pathol. 1960;69:209-216.

Enzinger FM, Dulcey F. Proliferative myositis. Report of thirty-three cases. Cancer. 1967;20(12):2213-2223. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(196712)20:12<2213::aid-cncr2820201223>3.0.co;2-l.

Talbert RJ, Laor T, Yin H. Proliferative myositis: expanding the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass in infancy. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(12):1623-1627. doi:10.1007/s00256-011-1274-4.

Binesh F, Sobhanardekani M, Zabihi S, Behniafard N. Proliferating myositis: an inflammatory lesion often misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor. Rom J Intern Med. 2016;54(4):243-246. doi:10.1515/rjim-2016-0037.

Singh A, Philpott JM, Patel NN, Mochloulis G. Proliferative myositis arising in the tongue. J Laryngol Otol. 2000;114(12):978-979. doi:10.1258/0022215001904536.

Wong NL. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pseudosarcomatous reactive proliferative lesions of soft tissue. Acta Cytol. 2002;46(6):1049-1055. doi:10.1159/000327106.

Kent MS, Flieder DB, Port JL, Altorki NK. Proliferative myositis: a rare pseudosarcoma of the chest wall. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73(4):1296-1298. doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(01)03266-0.

Haloi AK, Seith A, Chumber S, Bandhu S, Panda SK, Mannan SR. Case of the season: proliferative myositis. Semin Roentgenol. 2004;39(1):4-6. doi:10.1016/j.ro.2003.10.001.

Wlachovska B, Abraham B, Deux JF, Sibony M, Marsault C, Le Breton C. Proliferative myositis in a patient with AIDS. Skeletal Radiol. 2004;33(4):237-240. doi:10.1007/s00256-003-0715-0.

Pagonidis K, Raissaki M, Gourtsoyiannis N. Proliferative myositis: value of imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2005;29(1):108-111. doi:10.1097/01.rct.0000150142.14113.70.

Brooks JK, Scheper MA, Kramer RE, Papadimitriou JC, Sauk JJ, Nikitakis NG. Intraoral proliferative myositis: case report and literature review. Head Neck. 2007;29(4):416-420. doi:10.1002/hed.20530.

Demir MK, Beser M, Akinci O. Case 118: proliferative myositis. Radiology. 2007;244(2):613-616. doi:10.1148/radiol.2442041504.

Fauser C, Nährig J, Niedermeyer HP, Arnold W. Proliferative myositis: a rare pseudomalignant tumor of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(4):437-440. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.4.437.

Ricón-Recarey FJ Cano-Luis P. Martinez-Guerrero RB. Proliferative myositis of the gastrocnemius muscle: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2008;18(6):479-482. doi:10.1007/s00590-008-0334-5.

Wong NL, Di F. Pseudosarcomatous fasciitis and myositis: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(6):857-865. doi:10.1309/AJCPLEPS44PJHDPP.

Yiğit H1, Turgut AT, Koşar P, Astarci HM, Koşar U. Proliferative myositis presenting with a checkerboard-like pattern on CT. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2009;15(2):139-142.

Znati K, Badioui I, Serraj M, El Houari A, Harmouch T, Amarti A. Very misleading subcutaneous tumor. Ann Pathol. 2010;30(4):318-320. doi:10.1016/j.annpat.2010.04.002.

Ergin M, Sapmaz F, Cevit R, Ergin I, Yeginsu A. Rapidly growing chest wall mass mimicking a malignant tumor: proliferative myositis. Turkish J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;19(3):452-454. doi:10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2011.064.

Klapsinou E, Despoina P, Dimitra D. Cytologic findings and potential pitfalls in proliferative myositis and myositis ossificans diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology: report of four cases and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 2012;40(3):239-244. doi:10.1002/dc.21549.

Satish S, Shivalingaiah SC, Ravishankar S, Vimalambika MG. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pseudosarcomatous reactive lesions of soft tissues: a report of two cases. J Cytol. 2012;29(4):264-266. doi:10.4103/0970-9371.103949.

Chawla N, Reddy SJ, Agarwal M. Proliferative myositis: a case report and review of literature. J NTR Univ Health Sci. 2013;2(1):52-54.

Franz D, Specht K, Gaa J. The proliferative myositis in the psoas muscle -- a rare pseudosarcoma in an unusual localization. Rofo. 2014;186(4):400-401. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1355779.

Jarraya M, Parva P, Stone M, Klein MJ, Guermazi A. Atypical proliferative myositis: original MR description with pathologic correlation: case report. Skeletal Radiol. 2014;43(8):1155-1159. doi:10.1007/s00256-014-1849-y.

Malhotra KP, Husain N, Shukla S, Jain P, Sonkar AA. Pseudosarcomatous proliferative myositis of the sternocleidomastoid: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol. 2014;42(12):1096-1098. doi:10.1002/dc.23134.

Zhang JI, Bu XH, Tian WZ, Chen JH, Wang XL. Characteristic MR imaging findings of proliferative myositis. Acta Medica Mediterranea. 2014;30(4):845-847.

Boroujeni AM, Yousefi E, Kagan J, Adler E. Perirectal proliferative myositis: a case report. Am J Clin Pathol. 2015;144(Suppl 2):A329. doi:10.1093/ajcp/144.suppl2.329.

Colombo JR, Dagher W, Wein RO. Benign proliferative myositis of the sternohyoid muscle: review and case report. Am J Otolaryngol. 2015;36(1):87-89. doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.08.013.

McHugh N, Tevlin R, Beggan C, et al. Proliferative myositis of the latissimus dorsi presenting in a 20-year-old male athlete. Ir Med J. 2017;110(7):605.

Wei N, Xu WJ, Dong D, Gong YB. Proliferative myositis in the right brachioradialis: a case report. Exp Ther Med. 2017;13(5):2483-2485. doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4269.

Shi J, Lewis M, Walsworth MK, Modaressi S, Masih S, Chow K. Proliferative myositis. Appl Radiol. 2018;47(1):43-45.

Jo VY, Fletcher CD. WHO classification of soft tissue tumours: an update based on the 2013 (4th) edition. Pathology. 2014;46(2):95-104. doi:10.1097/PAT.0000000000000050.

McComb EN, Neff JR, Johansson SL, Nelson M, Bridge JA. Chromosomal anomalies in a case of proliferative myositis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1997;98(2):142-144. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(96)00428-1.

Chevalier X, Larget-Piet B, Gherardi R. Proliferative myositis as a complication of rheumatoid vasculitis. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(7):1259-1260.

Fletcher CDM, Bridge JA, Hogendoorn PCW, Mertens F. WHO Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2013.

Sarteschi M, Ciatti S, Sabò C, Massei P, Paoli R. Proliferative myositis: rare pseudotumorous lesion. J Ultrasound Med. 1997;16(11):771-773. doi:10.7863/jum.1997.16.11.771.

Pollock L, Fullilove S, Shaw DG, Malone M, Hill RA. Proliferative myositis in a child. a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(1):132-135. doi:10.2106/00004623-199501000-00017.

Mulier S, Stas M, Delabie J, et al. Proliferative myositis in a child. Skeletal Radiol. 1999;28(12):703-709.

Kim ES, Lee SA, Kim BH, Kim CH. Intramuscular granular cell tumor: emphasizing the stripe sign. Skeletal Radiol. 2016;45(1):147-152. doi:10.1007/s00256-015-2247-9.

Orlowski W, Freedman PD, Lumerman H. Proliferative myositis of the masseter muscle. A case report and a review of the literature. Cancer. 1983;52(5):904-908. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19830901)52:5<904::aid-cncr2820520527>3.0.co;2-h.

Choi SS, Myer CM 3rd. Proliferative myositis of the mylohyoid muscle. Am J Otolaryngol. 1990;11(3):198-202. doi:10.1016/0196-0709(90)90038-W.

Kayaselcuk F, Demirhan B, Kayaselcuk U, Ozerdem OR, Tuncer I. Vimentin, smooth muscle actin, desmin, S-100 protein, p53, and estrogen receptor expression in elastofibroma and nodular fasciitis. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2002;6(2):94-99. doi:10.1053/adpa.2002.32377.

Perez-Montiel MD, Plaza JA, Dominguez-Malagon H, Suster S. Differential expression of smooth muscle myosin, smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and calponin in the diagnosis of myofibroblastic and smooth muscle lesions of skin and soft tissue. Am J Dermatopathol. 2006;28(2):105-111. doi:10.1097/01.dad.0000200009.02939.cc.

Heim-Hall J, Yohe SL. Application of immunohistochemistry to soft tissue neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008;132(3):476-489. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132[476:AOITST]2.0.CO;2.

Goldblum JR, Folpe AL, Weiss SW, Enzinger FM. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier; 2014.