[2026-01-26] The Role and Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping Resident Doctor Education

Witthawin Sae-Lee

doi:10.33165/rmj.2026.e275028

Authors

Witthawin Sae-Lee Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5594-0961

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33165/rmj.2026.e275028

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence, Medical education, Residency training, Curriculum design, Clinical simulation

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense potential to transform resident doctor education by offering personalized, adaptive learning experiences and enhancing clinical skill development. Drawing from a literature search of key academic databases for articles published between 2018 and 2024, this review explores the current applications, benefits, challenges, and future directions of AI integration into residency training programs. AI facilitates structured curriculum design, enabling customized pathways based on individual resident needs and performance data. It enhances mentorship and monitoring through virtual tutors, improved accessibility, and data-rich workplace-based assessments, while complementing traditional human oversight. AI-driven simulations provide safe environments for procedural practice with immediate, objective feedback, showing promise in specialties like radiology, dermatology, and ophthalmology. However, significant challenges remain, including the need for robust validation, addressing risks of over-reliance that may hinder critical thinking, managing medicolegal concerns, ensuring faculty development, and meeting infrastructure requirements. Concerns about AI's impact on the job market also influence residents. Successfully leveraging AI requires addressing these challenges through further research, developing ethical guidelines, and integrating AI literacy throughout medical training to prepare future physicians effectively.

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