Declaration of AI Assistance

Every manuscript must include an AI Use Declaration in the Additional Information section. This applies to all article types to ensure transparency and uphold ethical publishing standards.

If no AI tools were used: The authors must declare that no generative AI tools were used in the preparation of their manuscript. All content was created solely by the authors.

If AI tools were used: The authors must disclose the name of the AI tool (eg, ChatGPT, Grammarly), the specific purpose (eg, language refinement, including grammar and clarity), and confirmation that all AI-generated content was critically reviewed and verified for accuracy, validity, and integrity.

Editorial Discretion: AI tools cannot be authors. Suitability for peer review and publication will be determined by the editor or reviewers. The use of AI does not automatically disqualify a manuscript; however, transparency and compliance with ethical standards are mandatory.