Emergency Contraception
Keywords:
Emergency, ContraceptionAbstract
การคุมกำเนิด เป็นหนึ่งในกระบวนการวางแผนครอบครัวเพื่อให้ผู้ยังไม่พร้อมจะมีบุตร สามารถป้องกันการตั้งครรภ์และมีบุตรได้ในเวลาที่ต้องการ อย่างไรก็ตาม ในบางครั้งอาจมีการร่วมเพศโดยไม่ได้ตั้งใจและไม่ได้มีการป้องกันใดๆ หรือมีการคุมกำเนิดที่ไม่สม่ำเสมอ ไม่ภูกต้อง การคุมกำเนิดฉุกเฉินจะมีบทบาทในการป้องกันการตั้งครรภ์ที่ไม่ได้ตั้งใจในกรณีเหล่านี้ ถึงแม้การคุมกำเนิดฉุกเฉินด้วยวิธีต่างๆ จะมีการใช้มาเป็นเวลานาน ในปัจจุบันยังพบว่า วิธีการคุมกำเนิดยังไม่เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี ส่วนหนึ่งของผู้ที่ต้องการใช้ไม่สามารถใช้ได้อย่างถูกต้อง รวมทั้งยังไม่ได้เป็นวิธีการที่ผู้รับบริการเข้าถึงได้ง่าย
References
National Statistical Office. Fertility Survey 2009. 2010: 31-32.
Berer M, Coutinho E, Delano G, et al. Consensus statement on emergency contraception. Contraception. 1995;52(4):211-213.
Morris JM, Van Wagenen G. Compounds interfering with ovum implantation and development. 3. The role of estrogens. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1966;96(6):804-815.
Yuzpe AA, Lancee WJ. Ethinylestradiol and dl-norgestrel as a postcoital contraceptive. Fertil Steril. 1977;28(9):932-936.
Glasier A, Thong KJ, Dewar M, Mackie M, Baird DT. Mifepristone (RU 486) compared with high-dose estrogen and progestogen for emergency postcoital contraception. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(15):1041-1044.
Webb AM, Russell J, Elstein M. Comparison of Yuzpe regimen, danazol, and mifepristone (RU486) in oral postcoital contraception. BMJ. 1992;305(6859):927-931.
von Hertzen H, Piaggio G, Ding J, et al. Low dose mifepristone and two regimens of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: a WHO multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9348):1803-1810.
Arowojolu AO, Okewole IA, Adekunle AO. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of two regimens of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception in Nigerians. Contraception. 2002;66(4):269-273.
Creinin MD, Schlaff W, Archer DF, Progesterone receptor modulator for emergency contraception: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(5):1089-1097.
Fine P, Mathé H, Ginde S, Cullins V, Morfesis J, Gainer E. Ulipristal acetate taken 48-120 hours after intercourse for emergency contraception. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(2 Pt 1):257-63. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c8e2aa.
Glasier AF, Cameron ST, Fine PM, et al. Ulipristal acetate versus levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: a randomised non-inferiority trial and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9714):555-562. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60101-8.
Pall M, Fridén BE, Brännström M. Induction of delayed follicular rupture in the human by the selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib: a randomized double-blind study. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1323-1328.
Bata MS, Al-Ramahi M, Salhab AS, Gharaibeh MN, Schwartz J. Delay of ovulation by meloxicam in healthy cycling volunteers: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46(8):925-932.
Jesam C, Salvatierra AM, Schwartz JL, Croxatto HB. Suppression of follicular rupture with meloxicam, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: potential for emergency contraception. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(2):368-373. doi:10.1093/humrep/dep392.
Wu S, Godfrey EM, Wojdyla D, et al. Copper T380A intrauterine device for emergency contraception: a prospective, multicentre, cohort clinical trial. BJOG. 2010;117(10):1205-1210. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02652.x.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010, Vol.59. MMWR. 2010;1-85.
Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, Clinical Effectiveness Unit. Clinical Guidance on Emergency Contraception 2011. https://www.fsrh.org/pdfs/CEUguidanceEmergencyContraception11.pdf.
Cheng L, Che Y, Gülmezoglu AM. Interventions for emergency contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(8):CD001324. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001324.pub4.
Sivin I. Utility and drawbacks of continuous use of a copper T IUD for 20 years. Contraception. 2007;75(6 Suppl):S70-S75.
Zhou L, Xiao B. Emergency contraception with Multiload Cu-375 SL IUD: a multicenter clinical trial. Contraception. 2001;64(2):107-112.
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 112: Emergency contraception. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(5):1100-1109. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181deff2a.
Gemzell-Danielsson K. Mechanism of action of emergency contraception. Contraception. 2010;82(5):404-409. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.05.004.
Gemzell-Danielsson K1, Berger C, P G L L. Emergency contraception -- mechanisms of action. Contraception. 2013;87(3):300-308. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.08.021.
Swahn ML, Westlund P, Johannisson E, Bygdeman M. Effect of post-coital contraceptive methods on the endometrium and the menstrual cycle. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1996;75(8):738-744.
Ling WY, Robichaud A, Zayid I, Wrixon W, MacLeod SC. Mode of action of DL-norgestrel and ethinylestradiol combination in postcoital contraception. Fertil Steril. 1979;32(3):297-302.
Rowlands S, Kubba AA, Guillebaud J, Bounds W. A possible mechanism of action of danazol and an ethinylestradiol/norgestrel combination used as postcoital contraceptive agents. Contraception. 1986;33(6):539-545.
Croxatto HB, Fuentealba B, Brache V, et al. Effects of the Yuzpe regimen, given during the follicular phase, on ovarian function. Contraception. 2002;65(2):121-128.
Marions L, Cekan SZ, Bygdeman M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Effect of emergency contraception with levonorgestrel or mifepristone on ovarian function. Contraception. 2004;69(5):373-377.
Hapangama D, Glasier AF, Baird DT. The effects of peri-ovulatory administration of levonorgestrel on the menstrual cycle. Contraception. 2001;63(3):123-129.
Croxatto HB, Brache V, Pavez M, et al. Pituitary-ovarian function following the standard levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive dose or a single 0.75-mg dose given on the days preceding ovulation. Contraception. 2004;70(6):442-450.
Marions L, Hultenby K, Lindell I, Sun X, Ståbi B, Gemzell Danielsson K. Emergency contraception with mifepristone and levonorgestrel: mechanism of action. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(1):65-71.
Spitz IM, Croxatto HB, Salvatierra AM, Heikinheimo O. Response to intermittent RU486 in women. Fertil Steril. 1993;59(5):971-975.
Godfrey EM, Mawson JT, Stanwood NL, Fielding SL, Schaff EA. Low-dose mifepristone for contraception: a weekly versus planned postcoital randomized pilot study. Contraception. 2004;70(1):41-46.
Brache V1, Cochon L, Jesam C, et al. Immediate pre-ovulatory administration of 30 mg ulipristal acetate significantly delays follicular rupture. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(9):2256-2263. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq157.
Stratton P, Levens ED, Hartog B, et al. Endometrial effects of a single early luteal dose of the selective progesterone receptor modulator CDB-2914. Fertil Steril. 2010;93(6):2035-2041. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.057.
Stanford JB, Mikolajczyk RT. Mechanisms of action of intrauterine devices: update and estimation of postfertilization effects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(6):1699-1708.
Trussell J, Ellertson C, von Hertzen H, et al. Estimating the effectiveness of emergency contraceptive pills. Contraception. 2003;67(4):259-265.
World Health Organization. Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods for Fertility Regulation. Randomised controlled trial of levonorgestrel versus the Yuzpe regimen of combined oral contraceptives for emergency contraception. Task Force on Postovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Lancet. 1998;352(9126):428-433.
Cleland K, Zhu H, Goldstuck N, Cheng L, Trussell J. The efficacy of intrauterine devices for emergency contraception: a systematic review of 35 years of experience. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(7):1994-2000. doi:10.1093/humrep/des140.
Glasier A, Cameron ST, Blithe D, et al. Can we identify women at risk of pregnancy despite using emergency contraception? Data from randomized trials of ulipristal acetate and levonorgestrel. Contraception. 2011;84(4):363-367. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.02.009.
Faculty of. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. Clinical Effectiveness Unit. Clinical Guidance on Quick Starting Contraception 2010. https://www.fsrh.org/pdfs/CEUGuidanceQuickStartingContraception.pdf.
Blithe DL, Nieman LK, Blye RP, Stratton P, Passaro M. Development of the selective progesterone receptor modulator CDB-2914 for clinical indications. Steroids. 2003;68(10-13):1013-1017.
Turok DK, Gurtcheff SE, Handley E, Simonsen SE, Sok C, Murphy P. A pilot study of the Copper T380A IUD and oral levonorgestrel for emergency contraception. Contraception. 2010;82(6):520-525. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.06.001.
Zhang L, Chen J, Wang Y, Ren F, Yu W, Cheng L. Pregnancy outcome after levonorgestrel-only emergency contraception failure: a prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod. 2009;24(7):1605-1611. doi:10.1093/humrep/dep076.
Bracken MB. Oral contraception and congenital malformations in offspring: a review and meta-analysis of the prospective studies. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;76(3 Pt 2):552-557.
Brahmi D, Steenland MW, Renner RM, Gaffield ME, Curtis KM. Pregnancy outcomes with an IUD in situ: a systematic review. Contraception. 2012;85(2):131-139. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.06.010.
Gainer E, Massai R, Lillo S, et al. Levonorgestrel pharmacokinetics in plasma and milk of lactating women who take 1.5 mg for emergency contraception. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(6):1578-1584.
Faculty of. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Use of Ulipristal Acetate (ellaOne(r)) in Breastfeeding Women, Update from the Clinical Effectiveness Unit. March 2013.
Westley E, Kapp N, Palermo T, Bleck J. A review of global access to emergency contraception. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;123(1):4-6. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.04.019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 By the authors. Licensee RMJ, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
.png){kind=logo}
