Guideline for Development of Diagnosis and Treatment of Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Thailand for Adults 2025
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Abstract
Snoring is a significant symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which the airway becomes narrowed, causing vibrations in the surrounding tissues as air passes through.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is classified as a sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD), characterized by the relaxation of upper airway muscles during sleep, leading to airway collapse. This results in reduced airflow (hypopnea) or a complete cessation of airflow (apnea), despite increased respiratory effort. These events cause low blood oxygen levels (hypoxemia) and excessive carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia). When this reaches a critical point, the body triggers a protective mechanism that awakens the brain (arousal), restoring muscle tone in the upper airway and reopening the airway to resume breathing. These events occur periodically throughout sleep, causing frequent brain arousals, which can prevent normal sleep.
OSA is prevalent among both Thai and global populations. Epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence of OSA varies depending on the definition of the disease, the study population, and the survey period, with reported rates ranging from 4% to 27% in men and 1.9% to 16% in women. In some cases, the prevalence may be even higher. In Thailand, one study reported an OSA prevalence of 15.4% in men and 6.3% in women in the general population.
If left untreated, OSA can lead to various complications, including an increased risk of accidents due to excessive daytime sleepiness, decreased quality of life, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and many other conditions. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning are therefore crucial.
Given its high prevalence and significant public health impact, OSA is an important medical issue. Continuous advancements in standardized treatments can ensure that patients receive proper and effective care, ultimately benefiting both individuals and society as a whole.
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ต้นฉบับที่ส่งมาพิจารณายังวารสารหู คอ จมูก และใบหน้า จะต้องไม่อยู่ในการพิจารณาของวารสารอื่น ในขณะเดียวกันต้นฉบับที่จะส่งมาจะผ่านการอ่านโดยผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิ หากมีการวิจารณ์หรือแก้ไขจะส่งกลับไปให้ผู้เขียนตรวจสอบแก้ไขอีกครั้ง ต้นฉบับที่ผ่านการพิจารณาให้ลงตีพิมพ์ถือเป็นสมบัติของวารสารหู คอ จมูกและใบหน้า ไม่อาจนำไปลงตีพิมพ์ที่อื่นโดยไม่ได้รับอนุญาต
ตารางแผนภูมิ รูปภาพ หรือข้อความเกิน 100 คำที่คัดลอกมาจากบทความของผู้อื่น จะต้องมีใบยินยอมจากผู้เขียนหรือผู้ทรงลิขสิทธิ์นั้นๆ และใหร้ะบุกำกับไว้ในเนื้อเรื่องด้วย
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