ยาสมุนไพรแก้ไข้ในตำราการแพทย์ไทยเดิม (แพทยศาสตร์สงเคราะห์ ฉบับอนุรักษ์) เล่มที่ 1: การวิเคราะห์ทางเภสัชกรรมไทยและหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ การวิเคราะห์ทางเภสัชกรรมไทยและหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์
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ต.ค. 1, 2020
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การแพทย์แผนไทย ไข้ คัมภีร์ แพทยศาสตร์สงเคราะห์ ยาสมุนไพร เวชศาสตร์เชิงประจักษ์
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บทคัดย่อ
วัตถุประสงค์: (1) เพื่อศึกษาสมุนไพรและตำรับยาที่มีสรรพคุณแก้ไข้ในคัมภีร์ (2) เพื่อวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ของจำนวนเครื่องยากับคัมภีร์ที่พบสมุนไพรแก้ไข้ และ (3) เพื่อรวบรวมหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ของสมุนไพรที่มีสรรพคุณแก้ไข้ในคัมภีร์
วิธีการศึกษา: ทบทวนและบันทึกรายการสมุนไพรและตำรับยาที่มีสรรพคุณแก้ไข้ในตำราการแพทย์ไทยเดิม (แพทยศาสตร์สงเคราะห์ ฉบับอนุรักษ์ ) เล่มที่ 1 ตรวจสอบความถูกต้องของชื่อเครื่องยาโดยผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านภาษาและด้านเภสัชกรรมไทย จากนั้นทำการสืบค้นหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ของเครื่องยาในฐานข้อมูล PubMed
ผลการศึกษา: 9 จาก 13 คัมภีร์มีบันทึกเรื่องยาแก้ไข้ คัมภีร์สรรพคุณยามีจำนวนยารักษาไข้มากที่สุด (54 ตำรับ) รองลงมาคือ คัมภีร์ประถมจินดา (52 ตำรับ) และคัมภีร์ธาตุวิวรณ์ (47 ตำรับ) โดยพบการใช้เป็นสมุนไพรเดี่ยว 70 ชนิด และตำรับยา 187 ตำรับ ตำรับยาทั้งหมดนี้ประกอบด้วยเครื่องยาสมุนไพรทั้งสิ้น 496 ชนิด สมุนไพรที่มีการใช้ในตำรับยาตั้งแต่ 18 ตำรับขึ้นไป มี 27 ชนิด และสมุนไพรเดี่ยวที่มีหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์เกี่ยวข้องกับสรรพคุณทางแพทย์แผนไทยมี 17 ชนิด
สรุป: ผลการวิจัยแสดงให้เห็นว่า ไข้เป็นอาการสำคัญทางการแพทย์แผนไทย โดยการรักษามักใช้ยาตำรับมากกว่าสมุนไพรเดี่ยว จากจำนวนหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์ที่ยังมีน้อย แสดงว่าการพัฒนายาไทยที่ใช้รักษาไข้ยังต้องการการวิจัยอีกมากเพื่อให้เกิดการใช้อย่างสมเหตุสมผล
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References
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2. The Editors and Editorial Board. “Rules of 5” [Editorial]. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;103(3):309-10.
3. Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Ashkani S, Rahmat A, Juraimi AS, Puteh A, et al. Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016;16:104.
4. Tzeng TF, Hong TY, Tzeng YC, Liou SS, Liu IM. Consumption of Polyphenol-Rich Zingiber zerumbet rhizome extracts protects against the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and retinal inflammation induced by diabetes. Nutrients 2015;7(9):7821-41.
5. Kantibiswas T, Marjit B, Maity LN. Effect of Picrorhiza kurroa Benth in acute inflammation. Anc Sci Life 1996;16(1):11-4.
6. Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Raj A. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Picrorhiza kurroa in experimental models of inflammation. Planta Med 2016;82(16):1403-9.
7. Rajkumar V, Guha G, Kumar RA. Antioxidant and anti-neoplastic activities of Picrorhiza kurroa extracts. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49(2):363-9.
8. Kim WS, Choi WJ, Lee S, Kim WJ, Lee DC, Sohn UD, et al. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of artemisinin extracts from Artemisia annua L. Korean J Physio Pha 2015;19(1):21-7.
9. Chao WW, Hong YH, Chen ML, Lin BF. Inhibitory effects of Angelica sinensis ethyl acetate extract and major compounds on NF-kappaB trans-activation activity and LPS-induced inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;129(2):244-9.
10. Saw CL, Wu Q, Su ZY, Wang H, Yang Y, Xu X, et al. Effects of natural phytochemicals in Angelica sinensis (Danggui) on Nrf2-mediated gene expression of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and anti-inflammation. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2013;34(6):303-11.
11. Hua YL, Ji P, Xue ZY, Wei YM. Construction and analysis of correlation networks based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabonomics data for lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and intervention with volatile oil from Angelica sinensis in rats. Mol Biosyst 2015;11(11):3174-87.
12. Li J, Hua Y, Ji P, Yao W, Zhao H, Zhong L, et al. Effects of volatile oils of Angelica sinensis on an acute inflammation rat model. Pharm Biol 2016;54(9):1881-90.
13. Zhang WQ, Hua YL, Zhang M, Ji P, Li JX, Zhang L, et al. Metabonomic analysis of the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oils of Angelica sinensis on rat model of acute inflammation. Biomed Chromatogr 2015;29(6):902-10.
14. Wang Q, Huang Y, Qin C, Liang M, Mao X, Li S, et al. Bioactive peptides from Angelica sinensis protein hydrolyzate delay senescence in Caenorhabditis elegans through antioxidant activities. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016;8956981.
15. Zhuang C, Xu NW, Gao GM, Ni S, Miao KS, Li CK, et al. Polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis protects chondrocytes from H2O2-induced apoptosis through its antioxidant effects in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2016;87:322-8.
16. Yu F, Li H, Meng Y, Yang D. Extraction optimization of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and its antioxidant activity in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2013;94(1):114-9.
17. Zhang S, He B, Ge J, Li H, Luo X, Zhang H, et al. Extraction, chemical analysis of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides in ischemia-reperfusion rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 47(4):546-50.
18. Lee MY, Seo CS, Lee JA, Lee NH, Kim JH, Ha H, et al. Anti-asthmatic effects of Angelica dahurica against ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49(4):829-37.
19. Xu SF, Ye YP, Li XY, Chen FY. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of different polysaccharides from the roots of Angelica dahurica. Chem Biodivers 2011;8(6):1121-31.
20. Rani MP, Padmakumari KP, Sankarikutty B, Cherian OL, Nisha VM, Raghu KG. Inhibitory potential of ginger extracts against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, inflammation and induced oxidative stress. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011;62(2):106-10.
21. Rahman S, Salehin F, Iqbal A. In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of young Zingiber officinale against human breast carcinoma cell lines. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011;11:76.
22. Ahui ML, Champy P, Ramadan A, Pham Van L, Araujo L, Brou Andre K, et al. Ginger prevents Th2-mediated immune responses in a mouse model of airway inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2008;8(12):1626-32.
23. Shanmugam KR, Mallikarjuna K, Kesireddy N, Sathyavelu Reddy K. Neuroprotective effect of ginger on anti-oxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49(4):893-7.
24. Oboh G, Ademiluyi AO, Akinyemi AJ. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities and some pro-oxidant induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain by two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Exp Toxicol Pathol 2012;64(4):315-9.
25. Cheng HL, Zhang LJ, Liang YH, Hsu YW, Lee IJ, Liaw CC, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoids and phenols from Cardiospermum halicacabum (Dao Di Ling). J Tradit Complement Med 2013;3(1):33-40.
26. Asha VV, Pushpangadan P. Antipyretic activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum. Indian J Exp Biol 1999;37(4):411-4.
27. Huang MH, Huang SS, Wang BS, Wu CH, Sheu MJ, Hou WC, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum and its reference compounds ex vivo and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133(2):743-50.
28. Veeramani C, Pushpavalli G, Pugalendi KV. In vivo antioxidant and hypolipidemic effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2010;21(2):107-25.
29. Juszczak L, Galkowska D, Ostrowska M, Socha R. Antioxidant activity of honey supplemented with bee products. Nat Prod Res 2016;30(12):1436-9.
30. Alzahrani HA, Boukraa L, Bellik Y, Abdellah F, Bakhotmah BA, Kolayli S, et al. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of three varieties of honey from different botanical and geographical origins. Glob J Health Sci 2012;4(6):191-6.
31. Bilsel Y, Bugra D, Yamaner S, Bulut T, Cevikbas U, Turkoglu U. Could honey have a place in colitis therapy? Effects of honey, prednisolone, and disulfiram on inflammation, nitric oxide, and free radical formation. Dig Surg 2002;19(4):306--311; discussion 11-2.
32. Nooh HZ, Nour-Eldien NM. The dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of natural honey promote cell proliferation and neural regeneration in a rat model of colitis. Acta Histochem 2016;118(6):588-95.
33. El-Aidy WK, Ebeid AA, Sallam Ael R, Muhammad IE, Abbas AT, Kamal MA, et al. Evaluation of propolis, honey, and royal jelly in amelioration of peripheral blood leukocytes and lung inflammation in mouse conalbumin-induced asthma model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015;22(6):780-8.
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