บทบาทพยาบาลในการส่งเสริมความสามารถในการดูแลผู้ป่วยโรคจิตเภทเพื่อลดการรับรู้ตราบาป

Panida  Pumput; Kwanta  Phooriwitthayatheera

Authors

Panida Pumput Boromarajonani College of Nursing Suratthani
Kwanta Phooriwitthayatheera Boromarajonani College of Nursing Suratthani

Keywords:

Role of nurses, stigma in patients with schizophrenia, ability to care for patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

Schizophrenia is the most common mental illness. The prognosis is chronic; often, patients cannot be completely cured and have frequent relapses. According to a 2020 report from the Data Center of Thailand’s Department of Mental Health, there were 283,065 patients with schizophrenia, out of a total 2,687,610 psychiatric patients nationwide. Schizophrenia ranked 4^th among 18 mental illnesses in Thailand. 20%-30% of patients with schizophrenia normally recover, 20-30% have moderate residual symptoms and 40-60% have severe symptoms that affects function throughout life. Compared to other psychotic disorders, patients with schizophrenia perceive the most stigma, and such stigma is more severe. Patients with schizophrenia experience negative impacts on their lifelong functioning and as a result of stigmatization.

The stigma makes patients with schizophrenia feel tension. This can lead to lack of acceptance from society, struggles with bad attitudes, low self-esteem, and individual efforts to reduce stigma. Patients may feel failure when they can’t do anything adequately and feel abandoned. They can exhibit withdrawal behavior and get angry with others, which leads to further stigmatization. Patients with schizophrenia may not be able to address their hierarchy of needs, such as love and belonging, self-esteem, safety, and self-actualization. Ongoing stigma may reduce schizophrenia patients’ ability to adapt to their illness in the acute and chronic long-term phases.

The role of nurses in promoting the ability to care for patients with schizophrenia include being advocates that inform society about mental illness, promoting social support for patients, and empowering the patients. Nurses can also encourage patients to challenge stigma regarding mental illness, to have involvement with other patients, and to think positively. Promoting and encouraging the well-being of patients as well as improving society’s perception of mental illness can help reduce stigma towards schizophrenia patients. Thus, the actions of nurses can help improve the ability of schizophrenia patients to adapt to their illness and can lead to an improved quality of life for them.

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