Complications of Adolescent Pregnancy: a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy is an important Thai obstetrics problem but most of previous Thai studies were limited sample size. Currently, Thai girls have earlier physically puberty and adult development than in the past, therefore the knowledge about the accurate age that increases pregnancy complication is important for health care providers. This study had objective to study the percentage of adolescent pregnancy, compare the pregnancy complications between teenage (10-19 years old) group and 20-34 years old group and to determine the accurate age that increases the pregnancy complications. Materials and Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in Ang Thong Provincial Hospital, Udon Thani Regional Hospital, Ban Dung, Ban Phue and Phen 3 district hospital in Udon Thai province. The percentage of adolescent group and the complication rate were studied using multiple logistic regression analysis. Each teen maternal age was analysed year by year to find the accurate age that initially increased the pregnancy complications when compared with 20-34 years old mothers.
Results: The total delivered women were 24,068 cases. Of these, the teenager (10-19 years old) was 13.4% that composed of 0.49% of 10-14 years old mothers and 12.75% of 15-19 years old mothers. In the teenager group, 43.35% had complications with aOR 1.15 (95% CI 1.05-1.25), p=0.002. The risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, maternal anemia and low Apgar score increased in adolescent pregnancy with aOR 1.24 (95% CI 1.09-1.40), p=0.001, 1.16 (95%CI 1.02-1.32), p=0.023, 1.62 (95% CI 1.42-1.85), p<0.001 and aOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.04-1.54), p=0.018 respectively. The 10-14 years old group had more complications than 15-19 years mothers with aOR 1.82 (95%CI 1.25-2.65), p=0.002. The complications risk was increased in teenage mothers age ≤15 years old.
Conclusion: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 13.24% of total deliveries. The risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, maternal anemia, and low Apgar score were statistically significance increased in teenage group. The maternal age ≤15 years and under increased the pregnancy complications.
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