Incidence and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity among Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
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Abstract
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a complication commonly found in very low birth weight infants. The purpose of this research was to study the incidence and risk factors related to ROP among 39 premature infants weighing less than 1,500 grams in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Ramathibodi Chakri Naruebodindra Hospital. Analytical statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviation. The statistical tests used in this study were fisher's exact test and chi-square test for finding the relationship which association with ROP. The study was conducted from 1 October 2019 - 31 December 2021. The study found that there were 12 ROP cases (30.77%). The factors significantly causing the ROP were birth weight ≤1,000 grams, Odds Ratio (OR) for 8.50 times (95% CI, 1.54-46.87; p-value = 0.014) when compared with infants
weighing >1,000 grams. For a gestational age, it was found that those with a gestational age of 23-25 weeks had a significantly higher risk of complications 33 times (95% CI, 2.45-443.61; p-value = 0.004). Therefore, the occurrence of ROP in prematurity, especially in very low birth weight infants, can be prevented by providing prenatal care as soon as a woman finds out she is pregnant, preventing preterm birth, obtaining medical assistance immediately after a premature birth, and providing the appropriate neonatal care. The study findings will also lead to the quality improvement of nursing care.
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