Effectiveness of Rapid Antigen Test Kit for COVID-19: A Systematic Review
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Abstract
A new strain of the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes COVID-19, a severe and pandemic emerging infectious disease. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) genomic testing is the standard method for the diagnosis and detection of infectious agents due to its sensitivity and high specificity. Whereas, due to the rapid outbreak, the development of rapid test kits to screen for infection is sufficient. This systematic review of the quality of the rapid antigen test kits for COVID-19 employed databases from EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The searching keywords were COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Rapid Test Kit, Antigen, sensitivity, and specificity. This study started from June 1, 2021 to October 30, 2022, only in English and presenting the full article. The results showed that, a total of 14 published studies were analyzed with 14 brands of rapid test kits. The mean of sensitivity was 71.40% (95% CI: 66.23-79.09), mean of specificity was 98.19% (95% CI: 96.11-99.09), mean overall validity was 85.21%, mean of positive predictive value was 85.21% (95% CI: 97.55-99.18), and mean of negative predictive value was 90.50% (95% CI: 87.21-97.14). A nasopharyngeal swab was used, from three brands plus an Oropharyngeal swab. In conclusion, this study found that the mean of sensitivity, specificity, overall validity, and positive predictive values were lower than RT-PCR. Relevant agencies or researchers should continue to study and monitor the spread of the disease.
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