MINORITY STRESS MODEL (MSTM): A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MENTAL HEALTH RISK IN SEXUAL AND GENDER MINORITY POPULATIONS
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Published:
Apr 26, 2019
Keywords:
LGBT Minority Stress Model Mental health risk Sexual and gender minority
Main Article Content
Abstract
Mental health problems are a major cause of disabilities, a risk factor for physical illnesses and the burden of diseases. Notably, mental health problems are often found in sexual and gender minority individuals. Frequently, they receive social discrimination and unfair treatment due to their identities that are diverse from the sexual mainstream inducing a high-risk of mental health problems at several times compared to heterosexual populations. This article’s aim focuses on displaying the overview of the Minority Stress Model as a conceptual framework that has been internationally recognized to describe psychological pathways affecting health disparity in minority populations. Since nurses are leaders of health promotion and holistic care, understanding the causes, processes, and contributing factors affecting mental health status in sexual and gender minority individuals is important to develop nursing research and nursing care systems in the future.
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Academic Articles
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์แล้ว เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของสมาคมพยาบาลจิตเวชแห่งประเทศไทย
References
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พรเทพ แพรขาว. (2556). ความเครียดและภาวะซึมเศร้าของเกย์ กะเทยไทย. วารสารพยาบาลศาสตร์และสุขภาพ, 36(2), 95-104.
สุมนทิพย์ บุญเกิด และ สมพร รุ่งเรืองกลกิจ. (2557). ความชุกของภาวะซึมเศร้า การรับรู้ปัญหา และรูปแบบการเผชิญปัญหาของกลุ่มหญิงรักหญิงในภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ. วารสารพยาบาลศาสตร์และสุขภาพ, 37(2), 92-101.
Baams, L., Grossman, H. A., & Russell, T. S. (2015). Minority stress and mechanisms of risk for depression and suicidal ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Developmental Psychology, 51(5), 688.
Baiocco, R., Ioverno, S., Cerutti, R., Santamaria, F., Fontanesi, L., Lingiardi, V., et al. (2014). Suicidal ideation in Spanish and Italian lesbian and gay young adults: The role of internalized sexual stigma. Psicothema, 26(4), 490-496.
Burns, M. N., Kamen, C., Lehman, K. A., & Beach, S. R. (2012). Minority stress and attributions for discriminatory events predict social anxiety in gay men. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(1), 25-35.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Suicide: Consequence. Retrieved February 18, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/consequences.html
Flood, J., McLaughlin, C., & Prentice, G. (2013). Minority stress, homonegativity, alcohol use and mental health among college gay males. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 17(4), 367-386.
Frost, D. M., Lehavot, K., & Meyer, I. H. (2015). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minority individuals. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 1-8.
Goffman, E. (2009). Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. Simon and Schuster.
Goldbach, J. T., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Bagwell, M., & Dunlap, S. (2014). Minority stress and substance use in sexual minority adolescents: a meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 15(3), 350-363.
Gonda, X., Fountoulakis, K. N., Kaprinis, G., & Rihmer, Z. (2007). Prediction and prevention of suicide in patients with unipolar depression and anxiety. Annals of General Psychiatry, 6(1), 23.
Graham, R., Berkowitz, B., Blum, R., Bockting, W., Bradford, J., de Vries, B., et al. (2011). The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine.
Haas, A. P., Eliason, M., Mays, V. M., Mathy, R. M., Cochran, S. D., D'Augelli, A. R., et al. (2010). Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: Review and recommendations. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1), 10-51.
Herek, G. M., & Garnets, L. D. (2007). Sexual orientation and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 353-375.
Kessler, R. C. (2012). The costs of depression. Psychiatric Clinics, 35(1), 1-14.
Kuyper, L., & Fokkema, T. (2011). Minority stress and mental health among Dutch LGBs: Examination of differences between sex and sexual orientation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 222.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lea T., Wit, J., & Reynolds, R. (2014). Minority stress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults in Australia: Associations with psychological distress, suicidality, and substance use. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(8), 1571 - 1578.
Lefkowitz, E. S., & Vasilenko, S. A. (2014). Positive and negative outcomes of sexual behaviors: New directions for child and adolescent development. John Wiley & Sons.
Mahidol University, Plan International Thailand, and UNESCO Bangkok Office. (2014). Bullying targeting secondary school students who are or are perceived to be transgender or same-sex attracted: Types, prevalence, impact, motivation and preventive measures in 5 provinces of Thailand. Mahidol University.
Marshal, M. P., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R., King, K. M., Miles, J., Gold, M. A., et al. (2008). Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: a meta-analysis and methodological review. Addiction,
103(4), 546-556.
Mayes, R., & Horwitz, A. V. (2005). DSM‐III and the revolution in the classification of mental illness. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 41(3), 249-267.
Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38-56.
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697.
Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men. In G. M. Herek (Ed.). Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues (pp. 160-186). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Michaels, M. S., Parent, M. C., & Torrey, C. L. (2015). A minority stress model for suicidal ideation in gay men. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(1), 23-34.
Miller, C. T., & Major, B. (2000). Coping with stigma and prejudice. In T. F. Heatherton, R. E. Kleck, M. R. Hebl, & J. G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 243-272). New York: Guilford Press.
Mustanski, B., & Liu, R. T. (2013). A longitudinal study of predictors of suicide attempts among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(3),437-448
National Institutes of Health LGBT Research Coordinating Committee. (2013). Consideration of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health.
Norcini Pala, A., Hart, R. P., & Steca, P. (2015). Minority stress, depression and HIV-progression biomarkers: an exploratory study on a sample of Italian HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(3), 244-260.
Ojanen, T. T. (2009). Sexual/gender minorities in Thailand: identities, challenges, and voluntary-sector counseling. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 6(2), 4-34.
Ojanen, T. T., Ratanashevorn, R., & Boonkerd, S. (2016). Gaps in responses to LGBT issues in Thailand: Mental health research, services, and policies. Psychology of Sexualities Review, 7(1), 41-59.
Operario, D., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). Ethnic identity moderates perceptions of prejudice: judgments of personal versus group discrimination and subtle versus blatant bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 550-561.
Park, A. (2016). A development agenda for sexual and gender minorities. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute, University of California Los Angeles, School of Law.
Sopitarchasak, S., Kihara, M., Soe, K. M., & Ono-Kihara, M. (2017). Disparities in mental well-being between non-minority and sexual minority male youth in Bangkok, Thailand: Quantitative findings from a mixed method study. Journal of Population and Social Studies, 25(2), 83-98.
Spitzer, R. L. (1981). The diagnostic status of homosexuality in DSM-III: A reformulation of the issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138(2), 210-215.
Suicide.org (2016). International suicide statistics. Retrieved February 9, 2017, from https://www.suicide.org/international-suicide-statistics.html.
Thoits, P. A. (2013). Self, identity, stress, and mental health: Handbook of the sociology of mental health. Netherlands: Springer.
Van Griensven, F., Kilmarx, P. H., Jeeyapant, S., Manopaiboon, C., Korattana, S., Jenkins, R. A. et al. (2004). The prevalence of bisexual and homosexual orientation and related health risks among adolescents in northern Thailand. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33(2), 137-147.
World Health Organization (2015). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from: https://www.who.int/gho/mental_health/suicide_rates/en
World Health Organization (2017). Fact sheets. Retrieved February 19, 2017, from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/en.
Yadegarfard, M., Ho, R., & Bahramabadian, F. (2013). Influences on loneliness, depression, sexual-risk behaviour and suicidal ideation among Thai transgender youth. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 15(6), 726-737.
Yadegarfard, M., Meinhold-Bergmann, M. E., & Ho, R. (2014). Family rejection, social isolation, and loneliness as predictors of negative health outcomes (depression, suicidal ideation, and sexual risk behavior) among Thai male-to-female transgender adolescents. Journal of LGBT Youth, 11(4), 347-363.
กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. (2560). องค์ความรู้และสาระสำคัญเกี่ยวกับโรคซึมเศร้า, สืบค้นเมื่อ 10 กุมภาพันธ์ 2560, จาก https://www.thaidepression.com/www/who_depress/km_depress.pdf
ปริยศ กิตติธีระศักดิ์, จินต์ณาภัส แสงงาม และ Matthews, A. K. (2561). หลักพื้นฐานของการพยาบาลเด็กและวัยรุ่นในการส่งเสริมสุขภาวะทางจิตและจิตสังคมในเด็กที่มีความหลากหลายทางเพศในประเทศไทย. วารสารการพยาบาลศาสตร์, 36(1), 4-16.
ปริยศ กิตติธีระศักดิ์ และ Matthews, A. K. (2560). ประเด็นที่เกี่ยวข้องกับคำนิยามในการศึกษาถึงความหลากหลายทางเพศในคนกลุ่มน้อยทางเพศในประเทศไทย. วารสารการพยาบาลจิตเวชและสุขภาพจิต,31(2), 1-15.
พรเทพ แพรขาว. (2556). ความเครียดและภาวะซึมเศร้าของเกย์ กะเทยไทย. วารสารพยาบาลศาสตร์และสุขภาพ, 36(2), 95-104.
สุมนทิพย์ บุญเกิด และ สมพร รุ่งเรืองกลกิจ. (2557). ความชุกของภาวะซึมเศร้า การรับรู้ปัญหา และรูปแบบการเผชิญปัญหาของกลุ่มหญิงรักหญิงในภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ. วารสารพยาบาลศาสตร์และสุขภาพ, 37(2), 92-101.
Baams, L., Grossman, H. A., & Russell, T. S. (2015). Minority stress and mechanisms of risk for depression and suicidal ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Developmental Psychology, 51(5), 688.
Baiocco, R., Ioverno, S., Cerutti, R., Santamaria, F., Fontanesi, L., Lingiardi, V., et al. (2014). Suicidal ideation in Spanish and Italian lesbian and gay young adults: The role of internalized sexual stigma. Psicothema, 26(4), 490-496.
Burns, M. N., Kamen, C., Lehman, K. A., & Beach, S. R. (2012). Minority stress and attributions for discriminatory events predict social anxiety in gay men. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(1), 25-35.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Suicide: Consequence. Retrieved February 18, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/consequences.html
Flood, J., McLaughlin, C., & Prentice, G. (2013). Minority stress, homonegativity, alcohol use and mental health among college gay males. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 17(4), 367-386.
Frost, D. M., Lehavot, K., & Meyer, I. H. (2015). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minority individuals. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 1-8.
Goffman, E. (2009). Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. Simon and Schuster.
Goldbach, J. T., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Bagwell, M., & Dunlap, S. (2014). Minority stress and substance use in sexual minority adolescents: a meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 15(3), 350-363.
Gonda, X., Fountoulakis, K. N., Kaprinis, G., & Rihmer, Z. (2007). Prediction and prevention of suicide in patients with unipolar depression and anxiety. Annals of General Psychiatry, 6(1), 23.
Graham, R., Berkowitz, B., Blum, R., Bockting, W., Bradford, J., de Vries, B., et al. (2011). The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine.
Haas, A. P., Eliason, M., Mays, V. M., Mathy, R. M., Cochran, S. D., D'Augelli, A. R., et al. (2010). Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: Review and recommendations. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1), 10-51.
Herek, G. M., & Garnets, L. D. (2007). Sexual orientation and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 353-375.
Kessler, R. C. (2012). The costs of depression. Psychiatric Clinics, 35(1), 1-14.
Kuyper, L., & Fokkema, T. (2011). Minority stress and mental health among Dutch LGBs: Examination of differences between sex and sexual orientation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 222.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lea T., Wit, J., & Reynolds, R. (2014). Minority stress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults in Australia: Associations with psychological distress, suicidality, and substance use. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(8), 1571 - 1578.
Lefkowitz, E. S., & Vasilenko, S. A. (2014). Positive and negative outcomes of sexual behaviors: New directions for child and adolescent development. John Wiley & Sons.
Mahidol University, Plan International Thailand, and UNESCO Bangkok Office. (2014). Bullying targeting secondary school students who are or are perceived to be transgender or same-sex attracted: Types, prevalence, impact, motivation and preventive measures in 5 provinces of Thailand. Mahidol University.
Marshal, M. P., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R., King, K. M., Miles, J., Gold, M. A., et al. (2008). Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: a meta-analysis and methodological review. Addiction,
103(4), 546-556.
Mayes, R., & Horwitz, A. V. (2005). DSM‐III and the revolution in the classification of mental illness. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 41(3), 249-267.
Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38-56.
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697.
Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men. In G. M. Herek (Ed.). Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues (pp. 160-186). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Michaels, M. S., Parent, M. C., & Torrey, C. L. (2015). A minority stress model for suicidal ideation in gay men. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(1), 23-34.
Miller, C. T., & Major, B. (2000). Coping with stigma and prejudice. In T. F. Heatherton, R. E. Kleck, M. R. Hebl, & J. G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 243-272). New York: Guilford Press.
Mustanski, B., & Liu, R. T. (2013). A longitudinal study of predictors of suicide attempts among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(3),437-448
National Institutes of Health LGBT Research Coordinating Committee. (2013). Consideration of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health.
Norcini Pala, A., Hart, R. P., & Steca, P. (2015). Minority stress, depression and HIV-progression biomarkers: an exploratory study on a sample of Italian HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(3), 244-260.
Ojanen, T. T. (2009). Sexual/gender minorities in Thailand: identities, challenges, and voluntary-sector counseling. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 6(2), 4-34.
Ojanen, T. T., Ratanashevorn, R., & Boonkerd, S. (2016). Gaps in responses to LGBT issues in Thailand: Mental health research, services, and policies. Psychology of Sexualities Review, 7(1), 41-59.
Operario, D., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). Ethnic identity moderates perceptions of prejudice: judgments of personal versus group discrimination and subtle versus blatant bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 550-561.
Park, A. (2016). A development agenda for sexual and gender minorities. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute, University of California Los Angeles, School of Law.
Sopitarchasak, S., Kihara, M., Soe, K. M., & Ono-Kihara, M. (2017). Disparities in mental well-being between non-minority and sexual minority male youth in Bangkok, Thailand: Quantitative findings from a mixed method study. Journal of Population and Social Studies, 25(2), 83-98.
Spitzer, R. L. (1981). The diagnostic status of homosexuality in DSM-III: A reformulation of the issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138(2), 210-215.
Suicide.org (2016). International suicide statistics. Retrieved February 9, 2017, from https://www.suicide.org/international-suicide-statistics.html.
Thoits, P. A. (2013). Self, identity, stress, and mental health: Handbook of the sociology of mental health. Netherlands: Springer.
Van Griensven, F., Kilmarx, P. H., Jeeyapant, S., Manopaiboon, C., Korattana, S., Jenkins, R. A. et al. (2004). The prevalence of bisexual and homosexual orientation and related health risks among adolescents in northern Thailand. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33(2), 137-147.
World Health Organization (2015). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from: https://www.who.int/gho/mental_health/suicide_rates/en
World Health Organization (2017). Fact sheets. Retrieved February 19, 2017, from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/en.
Yadegarfard, M., Ho, R., & Bahramabadian, F. (2013). Influences on loneliness, depression, sexual-risk behaviour and suicidal ideation among Thai transgender youth. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 15(6), 726-737.
Yadegarfard, M., Meinhold-Bergmann, M. E., & Ho, R. (2014). Family rejection, social isolation, and loneliness as predictors of negative health outcomes (depression, suicidal ideation, and sexual risk behavior) among Thai male-to-female transgender adolescents. Journal of LGBT Youth, 11(4), 347-363.
