Executive Function in Preschool Children Born Preterm
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This descriptive study aimed to investigate executive functions in preterm preschoolers. The sample sconsisted of two groups: 60 mothers or fathers and 60 preterm children aged 3-6 years, who received treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit and the neonatal special care nursery and visited the pediatric outpatient ward. Purposive sampling was employed with inclusion criteria.Data were collected from questionnaires on general information and assessments on executive functions for preschoolers known as the BRIEF-P. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze general data, and the relationships between the factors related to preterm preschoolers’ executive functions were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results revealed that the preterm children with gestational age less than 37 weeks had an overall executive-function score as normal.Furthermore, the 1-minute Apgar score and underlying diseases were found to be correlated with the working memory score in executive functions.Based on these findings,nurses and health care professionals who provide care to preterm children are advised to monitor them regularly, make recommendations, and encourage the development of their executive functions to ensure normalcy.
Keywords: BRIEF-P, Executive function,Preschool children,Preterm infant
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในรามาธิบดีพยาบาลสาร ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสาร หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่หรือเพื่อกระทำการใด ใด จะต้องได้รับอนุญาตเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรจากรามาธิบดีพยาบาลสารก่อนเท่านั้น
References
PalitponganpinP. Building leadership executive function.Bangkok:Amarin Printing and Publishing;2018.(inThai)
Ritter BC, Nelle M, Perrig W, Steinlin M, Everts R.Executive functions of children born very preterm-deficit or delay?. Eur J Pediatr. 2013;172(4):473-83.
Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, Weisglas-Kuperus N,Duivenvoorden HJ, Oosterlaan J, van Goudoever JB.Neonatal and parental predictors of executive function in very preterm children.Acta Paediatr.2013;102(3):282-6.
Diamond A. Executive functions. Annu Rev Psychol.2013;64:135-68.
McCloskey G, Perkins LA, Van Diviner B. Assessment and intervention for executive function difficulties.1st ed.New York. Taylor & Francis; 2008.
Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH,Howerter A, Wager TD. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cogn Psychol. 2000;41(1):49-100.
Johnson MH. Executive function and developmental disorders: the flip side of the coin. Trends Cogn Sci.2012;16(9):454-7.
Johnson KA, Robertson IH, Kelly SP, Silk TJ, Barry E,Daibhis A, et al. Dissociation in performance of children with ADHD and high-functioning autism on a task of sustained attention. Neuropsychologia. 2007;45(10):2234-45
Smith GC, Gutovich J, Smyser C, Pineda R, Newnham C, Tjoeng TH,etal.NICU Stress Is Associated with Brain Development in Preterm Infants. Ann Neurol.2011;70(4):541-9.
Aarnoudse-Moens CS, Smidts DP, Oosterlaan J,Duivenvoorden HJ, Weisglas-Kuperus N. Executive function in very preterm children at early school age. J Abnorm ChildPsychol. 2009;37(7):981-93.
van Houdt CA, Oosterlaan J, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, van Kaam AH, Aarnoudse-Moens CS. Executive function deficits in children born preterm or at low birthweight: a meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol.2019;61(9):1015-24.
Chutabhakdikul N, ThanasetkornP, Lertawasdatrakul O,Ruksee T. Tool development and evaluation criteria for assessment of executive function in early childhood. 1sted.Bangkok: Research Center for Neuroscience Institute of Molecular Bioscience, Mahidol University; 2017.(in Thai)
Seamkhumhom D, Nookong A, Rugamornart S,Chutabhakdikul N.Factors related to executive functions in preschool-aged children. Journal of Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council. 2019;34(4): 80-94.
Hughes C, Graham A. Executive function in childhood:development and disorder In:J.Oates,A.Grayson(eds.),Cognitive and language development inchildren. Oxford:BlackwellPublishing; 2004.p205-30.
Best JR, Miller PH, Jones LL. Executive functions after age5:changes and correlates.Dev Rev.2009;29(3):180-200.
Diamond A, Taylor C. Development of an aspect of executive control: Development of the abilities to remember what I said and to“Do as I say, not as I do”.DevPsychobiol. 1996;29(4):315-34.
Zelazo PD, Müller U. Executive function in typical and atypical development. 1sted. Usha Goswami:The Wiley-Black well handbook of childhood cognitive development.BlackwellPublishers; 2002.
ZelazoPD. The Dimensional Change CardSort(DCCS):a methodof assessing executive function in children. Nat Protoc. 2006;1:297.
Best JR, Miller PH. A developmental perspective on executive function. Child Dev. 2010;81(6):1641-60.
Gilbert SJ, Burgess PW. Executive function. Curr Biol.2008;18(3):R110-R4.
Miller EK, CohenJD. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24(1):167-202.
Oangkanawin P.Promotion and development of the fetal brain. Veridian E-journal Science and Technology Silpakorn University. 2016; 3(6):162-71. (in Thai)
Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York. Lawrence Erlbaum Associa Publishers; 2013.
Isquith PK, Gioia GA, Espy KA. Executive function in preschool children: examination through everyday behavior. Dev Neuropsychol. 2004;26(1):403-22.
del Hoyo Soriano L, Rosser TC, Hamilton DR, Harvey DJ,AbbedutoL,ShermanSL.Relationship between Apgar scores and long-term cognitive outcomes in individuals with Down syndrome.Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):12707.
Willoughby MT, Magnus B, Vernon-Feagans L, Blair CB. Developmental delays in executive function from 3 to 5 years of age predict kindergarten academic readiness.J Learn Disabil. 2017;50(4):359-72.
NiT-L,HuangC-C,GuoN-W.Executive function deficit in preschool children born very low birth weight with normal early development. Early Hum Dev. 2011;87(2):137-41.
Ehrenstein V, Pedersen L, Grijota M, Nielsen GL,Rothman KJ,Sørensen HT. Association of Apgar scoreat five minutes with long-term neurologic disability and cognitive function in a prevalence study of Danish conscripts. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2009;9(1):14.
Taylor HG, Clark CAC. Executive function in children born preterm: risk factors and implications for outcome.Semin Perinatol. 2016;40(8):520-9.