Effects of a Self-Care Promoting Programme on Knowledge, Self-Care Behaviours, and Blood Pressure in Persons with Essential Hypertension
Keywords:
self-care promoting programme, persons with essential hypertension, knowledge, self-care behaviors, blood pressureAbstract
Abstract
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a self-care promoting programme on the
knowledge, self-care behaviours, and blood pressure in persons with essential hypertension.
Design: Two-group quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and a post-test.
Procedure: This study was conducted on a purposive sample of 64 patients treated
at the hypertension clinics of a hospital network in Srisaket province. Thirty-one of the patients
were assigned to an experimental group and the others to a control group. The experimental
group participated in a 10-week self-care promoting programme, which consisted of group
activities and telephone-mediated motivation in addition to standard care, whereas the control
group was given only standard care. Data were collected by means of (i) a general information
questionnaire; (ii) a knowledge of self-care need questionnaire; and (iii) a self-care assessment
form for elderly people with hypertension, along with blood pressure measuring. The data
were analysed using a paired t-test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: The 64 subjects, whose ages ranged between 45 and 60 years, consisted
of 46 females and 18 males. After completing the programme, (1) the experimental group’s
average scores on knowledge and self-care behaviours were signifcantly higher than before
programme participation and than those of the control group; (2) the experimental group’s
average systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were signifcantly lower than those
of the control group; and (3) the programme and its duration jointly influenced the experimental
group’s systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, which decreased signifcantly between
week 1 and weeks 4, 8, and 12, with no signifcant difference detected in weeks 8 and 12.
Recommendations: The fndings could provide baseline data for nurses to devise
a plan to promote self-care activities for people with hypertension. This programme can
be used to raise an awareness of the signifcance of self-care and to encourage people with
hypertension to participate in self-care activities, to the extent that their self-care behaviours
becomes consistent and adequate, which could control their blood pressure to a normal level.
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