Gonococcal Conjunctivitis in Adolescents and Adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/taj.2019.1Keywords:
gonococcal conjunctivitis, extragenital infection, antibiotic resistanceAbstract
Gonococcal conjunctivitis in adolescents and adults is an uncommon extragenital gonococcal infections, the clinical diagnosis may be delayed. Inappropriate and delayed treatments can result in severe ocular complications such as ulcerative keratitis and corneal perforation leading to permanent visual loss or blindness. Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are essential in the prevention of ophthalmic morbidity. Furthermore, the appropriate treatment is especially important in the current era of increased antibiotic resistance.
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References
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11. Schwab L, Tizazu T. Destructive epidemic Neisseria gonorrhoeae keratoconjunctivitis in African adults. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1985; 69: 525.
12. Kawashima M, Kawakita T, Den S, Tomita M, Shimazaki J. Surgical management of corneal perforation secondary to gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis. Eye (Lond). 2009; 23: 339 – 44.
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2. Mc Anena L, Knowles SJ, Curry A, Cassidy L. Prevalence of gonococcal conjunctivitis in adults and neonates. Eye (Lond). 2015; 29: 875 - 80.
3. Khalil GG. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in adults and adolescents. UpToDate [Internet]; 2018 [updated 2018 Jul 23 cited 2018 Oct 7]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infection-in-adults-and-adolescents.
4. Newman L, Rowley J, Vander HS, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N, et al. Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 8]; 10: e0143304. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672879/
5. Bureau of Epidemiology MOPH Thailand. National disease surveillance (Report 506): Gonorrhoeae 2013 - 2017 [Internet]; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 4]. Available from: http://www.boe.moph.go.th.
6. Alfonso E, Friedland B, Hupp S, Olsen K, Senikowich K, Sklarv EF, et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis. An outbreak during an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1983; 250: 794.
7. Podgore JK, Holmes KK. Ocular gonococcal infection with minimal or no inflammatory response. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1981; 246: 242.
8. Zajdowicz TR, Kerbs SB, Berg SW, Harrison WO. Laboratory acquired gonococcal conjunctivitis. Successful treatment with single dose ceftriaxone. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1984; 11: 28.
9. Escobar A, Candia E, Reyes-Cerpa S, Villegas-Valdes B, Neira T, Lopez M, et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae induces a tolerogenic phenotype in macrophages to modulate host immunity. Mediators of Inflammation [Internet] . 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 8]; 2013: 127017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3800590/
10. Kestelyn P, Bogaerts J, Stevens AM, Piot P, Meheus A. Treatment of adult gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis with oral norfloxacin. American Journal of Ophthalmology.1989; 108: 516 -23.
11. Schwab L, Tizazu T. Destructive epidemic Neisseria gonorrhoeae keratoconjunctivitis in African adults. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1985; 69: 525.
12. Kawashima M, Kawakita T, Den S, Tomita M, Shimazaki J. Surgical management of corneal perforation secondary to gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis. Eye (Lond). 2009; 23: 339 – 44.
13. Lau RK, Goh BT, Estreich S, Cox SN, Levy I. Adult gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis with AIDS. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1990; 74: 52.
14. Soukiasian SH, Baum J. Bacterial conjunctivitis. in; Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editor. Cornea. 3rd ed. Cincinnati: Elsevier Inc; 2011. p. 521 - 33.
15. Hegde V, Smith G, Choi J, Pagliarini S. A case of gonococcal kerato-conjunctivitis mimicking orbital cellulitis. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2005; 83: 511 – 2.
16. Hoffman J, Ali B, Hoffman A, Sheikh I. Gonococcal conjunctivitis: the importance of good-quality conjunctival swabs. British Journal of General Practice. 2015; 65: 552 - 53.
17. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2014. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2014; 63: 1.
18. Barbee LA, Dombrowski JC, Kerani R, Golden MR. Effect of nucleic acid amplification testing on detection of extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydial infections in men who have sex with men sexually transmitted disease clinic patients. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2014; 41: 168.
19. Harryman L, Scofield S, Macleod J, Carrington D, Williams OM, Fernandes A, et al. Comparative performance of culture using swabs transported in Amies medium and the Aptima Combo 2 nucleic acid amplification test in detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from genital and extra-genital sites: a retrospective study. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2012; 88: 27.
20. Kimberly AW, Gail AB. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]; 2015 [updated 2015 Jun 5; cited 2018 Sep 27]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/gonorrhea.htm.
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Published
2021-03-18
How to Cite
1.
Rungsirisangratana C. Gonococcal Conjunctivitis in Adolescents and Adults. Thai AIDS Journal [internet]. 2021 Mar. 18 [cited 2025 Dec. 10];31(1):1-8. available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiAIDSJournal/article/view/249910
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