Factors affecting antiretroviral therapy adherence among adults living with HIV in a secondary-level hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/taj.2024.11Keywords:
HIV-infected individuals, adults, antiretroviral therapy adherenceAbstract
This predictive correlational study aimed to investigate factors influencing antiretroviral therapy adherence among adults living with HIV at an outpatient antiretroviral clinic in a secondary-level hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. A purposive sampling method was used to select 173 adults living with HIV. Data collection began in July 2023 using questionnaires as follows: (1) personal and treatment-related information, (2) side effects of antiretroviral therapy, (3) beliefs about medication adherence, (4) Health Literacy Scale: HLS-14 (Thai version) and (5) the antiretroviral adherence index. The content validity index (CVI) of 1.00 was verified by three experts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression. The research findings revealed that the majority of individuals with HIV had experienced forgetting to take their medication (62.43%) and occasional non-adherence to the prescribed schedule (67.63%). The factors significantly associated with adherence among adults living with HIV (p<.05) included a treatment duration of 1-3 years (adj. OR=6.44), a history of discontinuous treatment (adj. OR=6.43), experiencing side effects from antiretroviral drugs (adj. OR=2.71), and low to moderate levels of beliefs in the specific-necessity of medication (adj. OR=4.02). Together these factors explained 36.1% of the variances in adherence (Nagelkerke R2=0.361). These findings underscore the importance of implementing systems to assess side effects and beliefs about the necessity of antiretroviral therapy, as well as monitoring treatment continuity. Such systems could inform the development of interventions to promote consistent and sustained antiretroviral adherence particularly among individuals in the 1-3-year treatment duration group.
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