Perception and self-management of respiratory system changes among people living with HIV

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a chronic disease that affects the body’s immune system, predisposing people living with HIV to various complications, particularly opportunistic respiratory infections. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress viral load and prolong survival, many people living with HIV continue to experience difficulties in understanding and managing respiratory abnormalities effectively. The objective of this study was to explore perceptions and self-management related to respiratory system changes among individuals living with HIV. This qualitative study, conducted between 2018 and 2019, utilized in-depth interviews with 17 people living with HIV who were receiving care at an ART clinic. Each interview lasted approximately 45-60 minutes and was conducted in a supportive, nonjudgmental manner. Data were analyzed using content analysis to identify key themes and conceptual patterns. The results showed three major themes: (1) perceptions of physical and respiratory system changes after diagnosis, (2) manifestations of respiratory abnormalities and factors influencing these abnormalities, and (3) self-management and care approaches for preventing respiratory complications. Most participants recognized some changes in their respiratory system but lacked adequate understanding of the underlying causes and appropriate self-care practices. Therefore, enhancing knowledge, understanding, and self-observation skills regarding respiratory abnormalities among people living with HIV, together with continuous support from healthcare providers and families, would play a crucial role in reducing respiratory complications and improving their long-term quality of life.