แนวทางเวชปฏิบัติการประเมินสถานะสารอาหารที่ต้องการในปริมาณน้อย ในผู้ใหญ่ พ.ศ. 2569 (ส่วนที่ 1)
บทคัดย่อ
สารอาหารที่ร่างกายต้องการในปริมาณน้อย (Micronutrient; MN) คือ กลุ่มของวิตามินและแร่ธาตุ ที่มีความสำคัญในกระบวนการทำงานของอวัยวะต่าง ๆ ของร่างกายมนุษย์ทุกคนควรได้รับในปริมาณที่เพียงพอต่อความต้องการต่อวัน หากได้รับในปริมาณที่มากเกินความจำเป็นหรือได้รับในปริมาณที่น้อยหรือไม่ได้รับ จะส่งผลให้เกิดปัญหาต่อสุขภาพได้ โดยในปัจจุบันความรู้และความเข้าใจในเรื่อง MN ยังค่อนข้างจำกัดอยู่เพียงในด้านวิทยาศาสตร์ทางการแพทย์ ในขณะเดียวกันการนำองค์ความรู้มาใช้ ยังไม่มีข้อกำหนดที่ครอบคลุม หรือชัดเจนทั้งหมด ทั้งในแง่การตรวจวิเคราะห์ การแปลผล และการรักษา
ในปัจจุบันถึงแม้จะมีคำแนะนำปริมาณ MN ที่ต้องการต่อวัน หรือ ปริมาณสารอาหารที่ควรได้รับประจำวัน (Recommended Dietary Allowances; RDA) แต่ก็เป็นคำแนะนำโดยอ้างอิงจากประชากรสุขภาพดีตามเพศ และช่วงวัย ทั้งนี้ในผู้ที่มีพฤติกรรมที่อาจมีความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดผลเสียต่อสุขภาพหรือโรคเรื้อรังต่าง ๆ ยังไม่มีกระบวนการ หรือคำแนะนำเกี่ยวกับ MN ที่ชัดเจนในทางเวชปฏิบัติเอกสารฉบับนี้จัดทำขึ้นเพื่อเป็นแนวทางการปฏิบัติโดยรวบรวมหลักฐานที่มีในปัจจุบัน เพื่อช่วยเป็นการกำหนดแนวทางให้แก่แพทย์ และบุคลากรทางการแพทย์ ได้มีแนวทางในการพิจารณาผู้ป่วย หรือประชาชนทั่วไป ว่าควรให้มีการตรวจประเมินสถานะของ MN ในผู้ใหญ่เมื่อใด และมีแนวทางในการวินิจฉัยภาวะที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ MN หรือการเลือกส่งตรวจ และการแปลผลตรวจอย่างไร เพื่อให้เกิดประโยชน์สูงสุดต่อผู้รับบริการ
เอกสารอ้างอิง
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