Effects of Art Therapy Program on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Abstract
This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effect of an art therapy program on attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms among children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Participants were children aged 9-12 years diagnosed with ADHD who were recuited by purposive sampling. They were equally assigned into an experimental and a control group, each group consisting of 30 children. The experimental group received the program and usual care, whereas the control group received only usual care. The research instruments consisted of a demographic data form, an art therapy program for children developed from the conceptual framework of Lowenfeld & Brittain and the interpersonal relationship theory of Peplau, and the inattention questionnaire (Swan Nolan and Pelham IV [SNAP-IV] scale). The art therapy program consisted of eight small-group activities, two activities per session and two sessions per week over two contiguous weeks, each activity lasting 30-45 minutes. Content validity of the program was verified by experts. The reliability of the SNAP-IV scale was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding a value of .85. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and Mann-Whitney test. The results revealed that the mean rank scores of SNAP-IV scales (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsive) of children with ADHD after participating in the program were statistically significantly lower than those of children who received only usual care (Z=-6.75, p<.001; Z=-6.77, p<.001, respectively). In addition, the experimental group’s median scores of SNAP-IV scales (inattention and hyperactivity/impusive) after participation in the program were statistically significantly lower than before participation (Z=-4.87, p<.001; Z = -4.86, p<.001, respectively). Thus, the art therapy program could decrease attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms of children with ADHD. It is suggested that this program could be clinically implemented at child psychiatric clinics.
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