Effects of Art Therapy Program on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effect of an art therapy program on attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms among children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Participants were children aged 9-12 years diagnosed with ADHD who were recuited by purposive sampling. They were equally assigned into an experimental and a control group, each group consisting of 30 children. The experimental group received the program and usual care, whereas the control group received only usual care. The research instruments consisted of a demographic data form, an art therapy program for children developed from the conceptual framework of Lowenfeld & Brittain and the interpersonal relationship theory of Peplau, and the inattention questionnaire (Swan Nolan and Pelham IV [SNAP-IV] scale). The art therapy program consisted of eight small-group activities, two activities per session and two sessions per week over two contiguous weeks, each activity lasting 30-45 minutes. Content validity of the program was verified by experts. The reliability of the SNAP-IV scale was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding a value of .85. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and Mann-Whitney test. The results revealed that the mean rank scores of SNAP-IV scales (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsive) of children with ADHD after participating in the program were statistically significantly lower than those of children who received only usual care (Z=-6.75, p<.001; Z=-6.77, p<.001, respectively). In addition, the experimental group’s median scores of SNAP-IV scales (inattention and hyperactivity/impusive) after participation in the program were statistically significantly lower than before participation (Z=-4.87, p<.001; Z = -4.86, p<.001, respectively). Thus, the art therapy program could decrease attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms of children with ADHD. It is suggested that this program could be clinically implemented at child psychiatric clinics.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data and statistics about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [cited 2022 May 22] Avalible from: URL: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/data.html.
Visanuyothin T, Pavasuthipaist C, Wachiradilok P, Arunruang P, Buranasuksakul T. The prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Thailand. J Ment Health Thai 2013; (21):66-75. (In Thai)
Medical Records and Statistics Division. Data and statistics of child psychiatry report: Southern Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry:2017. (In Thai)
Carbray JA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2018; 56(12): 1-10.
Pormnoppadol C. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Bangkok: Siriraj Book; 2018. (In Thai)
Maskasame, K. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescence. JCP. 2020;16(2):75-102. (In Thai)
Sitdhiraksa N, Wansawak K, Wanrit K, Krityagami P, Aphinanthavej S, Ketman P. Psychiatry Siriraj DSM-V. 2 nd ed. Bangkok: Prayoonsan Thai Printing; 2015. (In Thai)
Nukaew O. Children psychiatric nursing care. Songkhla: Aom Document; 2022.(In Thai)
Punja S, Shamseer L, Hartling L, Urichuk L, Vandermeer B, Nikles J, et al. Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents (Review). Cochrane [cided 2022 May 22] Avalible from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009996.pub2
Storebo OJ, Ramstad E, Krogh HB, Nilausen TD, Skoog M, Holmskov M, et.al. Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; (11): CD009885
Boonsanu K, Yunibhand J. The effect of behavior therapy on aggressive behaviors of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JPNMH 2012; 2(1): 114-28. (In Thai)
Juengsiragulwit D, Pityaratstian N, Nimnuan C. The efficacy of brief group cognitive behavior therapy in children with ADHD. J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand 2012;57(1): 19-28. (In Thai)
Sangkaew T, Nukaew O, Suttharangsee W. The effects of an aggressive behavior management program on behaviors of children suffering from attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A preliminary study. SCNJ 2017;4(Suppl): S214-29. (In Thai).
Sirisutraykha T. Art therapy [cided 2023 Feburaby 13] Available from: URL: https://www.happyhomeclinic.com/alt02-arttherapy_artandscience.htm. (In Thai)
Wetwichanan W, Chanvirat W. The use of art activity to develop attention on work of children with learning disabilities and ADHD. Ratchaphruek J 2019; 17(2):88-94. (In Thai)
Toemthong T, Wattanakul N, Plengnut J. The effects of music and art therapy program on aggressive behaviors of severe intellectual and developmental disabilities persons in Rajanukul Institute. Bangkok: Rajanukul Institute; 2010. (In Thai)
Pomtharaphong Y, Siripitchtrakul A, Ruengsombat M, Thongsuphon M. Art educational media design to promotion development and training concentration for children with ADHD. RMUTP sci J 2012; 6(2): 138-44. (In Thai)
Alrazain, B. Developing and evaluating an art therapies programme for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in primary schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) [Dissertation]. Edinburgh: Queen Margart Univ; 2016.
Lowenfeld, V, Brittain, WL. Creative and mental growth. 4 th ed. New York (NY): The Macmillan company; 1964.
Rodrigo S. Art therapy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A phenomenological exploration. The Paulinian Compass 2016; 4(1):27-33.
Lee S-L, Liu H-L.A. A pilot study of art therapy for children with special educational needs in Hong Kong. The Arts in Psychotherapy 2016; 51:24-9.
Peplau HE. Interpersonal relations in nursing. New York (NY): Spring Publishing;1991.
Sangkaew T, Nukaew O, Suttharangsee W. The effects of an aggressive behavior management program on behaviors of children suffering from attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A preliminary study. SCNJ 2017; 4(special issues): S214-29. (In Thai)
Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: Principle and methods. 9 th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins; 2012.
Pityaratstian N, Booranasuksakul T, Juengsiragulwit D, Benyakorn S. ADHD screening properties of the Thai version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand 2014;59 (2): 97-110. (In Thai)