Effects of an Exercise Behaviors Development Program for Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Kranuan District, Khon Kaen Province
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Abstract: The objectives of this quasi-experimental research were to compare perceived self-efficacy in exercise and expectation of the results of exercise, exercise behaviors, fasting blood sugar, and physical fitness of the experimental group between before and after the experiment receiving the exercise behaviors development program, and compare the outcomes between the experimental group and the comparison group after the experiment. The sample consisted of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients selected by simple random sampling from two Health Promoting Hospital who met the inclusion criteria of aged > 60 yrs and fasting blood sugar ≥ 130 mg./dl. Those selected to be an experimental group, and comparison group were matched with similar level of fasting blood sugar and physical fitness, with 31 persons in each group. The experimental tools were 1) the Exercise Behaviors Development Program based on Self-efficacy theory, and 2) home visit and health status record form. The data collection tools were 1) a questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: personal data, perceived self-efficacy and expectations of results of exercise and exercise behaviors which tested for validity equal CVI of 1, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for reliability of .83, .71 and .87 respectively; 2) Blood Glucose Meter and 3) watch. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Wilcoxson signed ranks test and Mann-Whitney U test. The results found as follows: after the experiment, the scores of perceived self-efficacy in exercise and expectation of results of exercise, exercise behaviors and physical fitness in the experimental group were significantly higher than before and those in the comparison group. Fasting blood sugar of the experimental group was significantly lower than before and those in the comparison group (p < .05). This program should be therefore applied and continuously evaluated the outcomes.
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