Nursing Care for Patients with Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis After Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
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Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common defect of the heart valve, especially among the elderly. If severe AS is left untreated and accompanied by heart failure symptoms, the risk of mortality increases. Early intervention is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and enhancing patients' quality of life. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), a minimally invasive procedure, has advanced significantly over the past decade as a novel technology to treating symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high-risk elderly patients or those who are not suitable candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). TAVR has gained popularity worldwide, including in Thailand, and has become the primary treatment option replacing the conventional surgical aortic valve replacement. TAVR is considered a minimally invasive alternative with comparable effectiveness and safety to surgical aortic valve replacement. It also reduces the risk of complications associated with surgical aortic valve replacement, allows more rapid patient recovery and reduces the length of hospital stay. However, like any medical procedure, there may be potential complications, such as damage to blood vessels, cerebral artery embolism, acute kidney injury from contrast agents, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. Particularly within the first 24 hours post TAVR procedure, nurses play a crucial role in caring for patients to achieve treatment goals and ensure safety from potential complications. Therefore, nurses must possess knowledge and nursing skills for assessment and close monitoring of changing conditions. They should be able to make timely decisions regarding nursing interventions. Additionally, they should also support patients in their physical recovery as quickly as possible to ensure that patient care meets the highest standards of quality and safety. Understanding TAVR approaches, post-procedural monitoring, and potential complications will enable nurses to provide better care for patients undergoing TAVR and ensure the best possible outcomes.
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