Guidelines for Preventing Non-Ventilator Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
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Abstract
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is a significant issue related to infections within hospitals, impacting patients, their families, and the hospital itself. It can be categorized into two types: ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-ventilator hospital acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP). Currently, the prevalence rate of NV-HAP is rising at a rate twice of VAP. The mortality rates, length of stay (LOS), and treatment costs between the two types do not differ significantly. Establishing protocols to prevent hospital-acquired pneumonia is a critical measure to mitigate these impacts and the severity of the condition. However, it has been observed that the preventive measures for NV-HAP are still limited compared to those for VAP. If the prevention of NV-HAP can be improved, it could reduce the likelihood of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. This article aims to provide healthcare professionals with guidelines for preventing NV-HAP, thereby reducing the risks associated with infections. It also seeks to promote adherence to infection prevention standards and advocate for clear preventive measures and monitoring systems to ensure more effective and safer patient care. Based on the collected guidelines, the strategies to prevent non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults can be summarized as follows: reduce pathogenic of colonization of oropharyngeal cavity-primary source control, reduce aspiration, and strengthen host defense.
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