The Role of Operating Room Nurses in the Care of Patients with Corneal Ulcers Undergoing Corneal Transplantation

Abstract

Thailand, as an agricultural country, is at high risk of ocular injuries, particularly corneal trauma caused by soil, wood, insects, and plant debris. Such injuries frequently lead to fungal keratitis, most commonly associated with Fusarium and Aspergillus species. This condition is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia, where the hot and humid climate facilitates the growth of fungi and bacteria, contributing to corneal ulcers that can progress to severe disease. In rural areas, patients often rely on inappropriate treatments, such as herbal remedies or non-standardized eye drops, compounded by limited access to ophthalmologists. As a result, many patients present to healthcare services at advanced stages of the disease. In urban areas, improper contact lens hygiene—such as overnight wear, extended use beyond the recommended period, or inadequate cleaning of lens cases—frequently contributes to severe infections that can rapidly impair vision. When corneal ulcers do not respond to medical therapy, corneal transplantation becomes essential to preserve vision and prevent permanent blindness. The Ministry of Public Health has recognized the significance of this issue, given that vision loss profoundly affects physical, psychological, familial, social, and economic well-being, particularly among the working-age population, who represent the country’s economic backbone. Within this context, the development of professional knowledge and skills among operating room nurses is crucial in the care of patients undergoing corneal transplantation. The roles of operating room nurses include applying specialized professional expertise, preparing and maintaining surgical instruments, facilitating communication and collaboration with the surgical team, preparing patients both physically and psychologically, and providing comprehensive perioperative care. These responsibilities are vital in enhancing nursing quality, minimizing complications, controlling infection, and ensuring patient safety. Operating room nurses therefore play a pivotal role in improving surgical outcomes and quality of life for patients with corneal ulcers requiring corneal transplantation.