การพัฒนารูปแบบความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพของผู้สูงอายุโรคข้อเข่าเสื่อม เพื่อป้องกันพลัดตกหกล้ม อำเภอเชียรใหญ่ จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช

Suliphon  Amornwat

Authors

Suliphon Amornwat Chian Yai Hospital, Chian Yai District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Keywords:

Health literacy, Elderly, Knee osteoarthritis, Fall prevention

Abstract

This research and development study aimed to: (1) examine the situation of knee osteoarthritis among older adults for fall prevention in Chian Yai District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province; (2) develop a health literacy model; and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The study was conducted in three phases. In Phase 1, the situation of knee osteoarthritis among older adults was investigated. A total of 110 participants were selected using purposive sampling, and the severity of knee osteoarthritis was assessed using the Oxford Knee Score. In Phase 2, a health literacy model was developed through a program consisting of six learning sessions, involving 82 participants. In Phase 3, the developed model was evaluated with the same group of 82 participants using the Modified WOMAC Score. Purposive sampling was applied. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

The results revealed that most participants were female (57 individuals, 69.50%), aged 71–80 years and above (59 individuals, 72%). The majority had moderate knee osteoarthritis (42 individuals, 38.20%), were married (66 individuals, 80.50%), had primary school education (64 individuals, 78.00%), and had an average monthly income of less than 15,000 baht (68.30%). The duration of illness was most commonly 7–10 years (42.70%). Regarding comorbidities, hypertension was the most common condition (25 individuals, 30.50%), with the majority being female (17 individuals, 20.73%), followed by diabetes mellitus (24 individuals, 29.30%), also predominantly female (17 individuals, 20.73%), and dyslipidemia (17 individuals, 20.70%), with 12 females (14.63%). Participants without comorbidities and those with other conditions were found in equal numbers (8 individuals each, 9.80%), with most being female (6 individuals, 7.32% and 5 individuals, 6.10%, respectively). After the intervention, health literacy levels improved across all domains. Functional health literacy showed the highest mean score (mean = 4.09, SD = 0.43), followed by interactive health literacy (mean = 3.98, SD = 0.44), and critical health literacy (mean = 3.95, SD = 0.50). The evaluation results demonstrated that the clinical symptoms of knee osteoarthritis among older adults significantly improved at the 0.05 level of statistical significance.

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