Effects of Integrated Online Elastic Exercises Program on Upper Crossed Syndrome in Working Age
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The rising use of smartphones has contributed to Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) among working-age individuals, impacting their work and daily life. Balancing muscle function through exercise has proven effective, yet the pandemic and environmental challenges have prompted necessary adaptations in exercise routines.
Objective: To develop and compare the effects of an integrated online elastic exercises program (IOEEP) on UCS in the working-age population.
Methods: Developed an IOEEP, blending local exercises with online sessions over six weeks (IOC=0.98). Then, try-out of the IOEEP in 43 working-age people with the UPS, averaging 28.70±6.79 years old. They were divided into an experimental group (21 people) undergoing the six-week program, and a control group (22 people) who received regular health advice. Neck Disability Index (NDI), CV angle (CVA), and pectoralis minor length (PML) were evaluated at baseline, after the 4th and 6th weeks. Results were analyzed using One-way MANOVA, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that NDI, CVA, and PML significantly differed between groups (p<0.05). The experimental group had an NDI and CVA better than the control group after the 4th and 6th weeks, and the PML was significantly better than the control group after the 6th week. When analyzing the differences within groups, the NDI in the experimental group was significantly improved after the 4th and 6th weeks, and the CVA was significantly improved after the 6th week (p<0.05).
Conclusion: A six-week IOEEP could reduce UCS in the working-age population.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Neupane S, Ali U, Mathew A. Text neck syndrome - systematic review. IJIR. 2017; 3(7): 141-8.
Kamalakannan M, Rakshana R, Padma R. Estimation and prevention of text neck syndrome among smart phone users. Biomed. 2020; 40(3): 372-6.
Taneja A. Effects of work-from-home use laptop or mobile phone causing text neck syndrome during the quarantine period COVID-19. IJSDR. 2021; 6(2): 54-7.
Vannajak K, Vannajak PT. Text neck syndrome. BJM. 2021; 8(1): 112-8. (in Thai)
Ranđelović I, Jorgić B, Antić V, Hadžović M. Effects of exercise programs on upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review. PES. 2020; 7(2): 152-68.
Chheda P, Pol T. Effect of sustained use of smartphone on the craniovertebral angle and hand dexterity in young adults. Int J Sci Res (Ahmedabad). 2019; 8(7): 1387-90.
Kawjaratwilai T, Tanphanich T, Vongsrangsap S, Makajae N, Tanphanich A, Phunsawat P, et al. The guidelines on exercise activities in the spread period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Health PhyEd Rec. 2021; 47(1): 14-26. (in Thai)
Thinchana N, Naka K, Srikaew M. Effects of home exercise promoting program using a stretched rubber band on the physical fitness of the elderly. Songklanagarind J Nurs. 2018; 38(2): 70-8. (in Thai)
Singnoy C, Julamet P, Tungthonchai O. The development of apply elastic tube exercise program for chronically ill older adults. Chonburi: Burapa University; 2016. (in Thai)
Kim T, An D, Lee H, Jeong H, Kim D, Sung Y. Effects of elastic band exercise on subjects with rounded shoulder posture and forward head posture. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016; 28: 1733–37.
Ali S, Ahmad S, Jalal Y, Shah B. Effectiveness of stretching exercises versus muscle energy techniques in the management of upper cross syndrome. J Riphah Coll Rehabil Sci. 2017; 5(1): 12-6.
Assapun J, Uthaikhup S. Quality of life in Thai elders with cervicogenic headache. Thai J Phys Ther. 2015; 37(3): 136-44. (in Thai)
Phithaksilp M, Inchai P, Piboon K, Jaidee W. Tension neck syndrome, health and neck disability index among personnels at Burapha University, Chon Buri province. BHJBUU. 2017; 12(2); 96-107. (in Thai)
Lertsinthai P, Nontakoot J, Toudkavinkul N, Weerachai A, Weeraphan O. The prevalence of neck pain and the relationship between neck pain and computer vision syndrome in Faculty of Allied Health Sciences students at Naresuan University. Thai J Phys Ther. 2020; 42(2): 101-17. (in Thai)
Alowa Z, Elsayed W. The impact of forward head posture on the electromyographic activity of the spinal muscles. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2021; 16(2): 224-30.
Srijessadarak T, Sae-Lee D, Paungmali A, Mato L, Wanpen S, Bumrerraj S, et al. Investigations of upper crossed syndrome’s characteristics in dental students. JAMS. 2017; 50(3): 404-16. doi: 10.14456/jams.2017.44 (in Thai)
Carrasco-Uribarren A, Marimon X, Dantony F, Cabanillas-Barea S, Portela A, Ceballos-Laita L, Massip-Álvarez A. A computer vision-based application for the assessment of head posture: A validation and reliability study. Appl Sci. 2023; 13(3910).doi:10.3390/app13063910
Heydari Z, Sheikhhoseini R, Shahrbanian S, Hashem P. Establishing minimal clinically important difference for effectiveness of corrective exercises on craniovertebral and shoulder angles among students with forward head posture: a clinical trial study. BMC Pediatr. 2022; 22(230). doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03300-7
Petchalalai C, Udompanich S. Effect of elastic band exercise program on physical performance in Thai elderly. KKUJPHR. 2019; 12(2): 51-61. (in Thai)
Szczygieł E, Sieradzki B, Masłoń A, Golec J, Czechowska D, Węglarz K, et al. Assessing the impact of certain exercises on the spatial head posture. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2019; 32(1): 43-51. doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01293
Harman K, Hubley-Kozey CL, Butler H. Effectiveness of an exercise program to improve forward head posture in normal adults: a randomized, controlled 10-week trial. J Man Manip Ther. 2005; 13(3): 163-76. doi: 10.1179/ 106698105790824888
Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI. Effects of a resistance and stretching training program on forward head and protracted shoulder posture in adolescents. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2017; 40: 1-10. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2016. 10.005
Kim EK, Kim JS. Correlation between rounded shoulder posture, neck disability indices, and degree of forward head posture. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016; 28: 2929-32.
Kittiwarawut J, Amnuaypornsathit S. Reliability of Thai-version of neck disability index (Thai-Ndi) for disability evaluation in subacute and chronic neck pain patients. Srinagarind Med J. 1014; 29(5): 469-74. (in Thai)
Suvarnnato T, Puntumetakul R, Uthaikhup S, Boucaut R. Effect of specific deep cervical muscle exercises on functional disability, pain intensity, craniovertebral angle, and neck-muscle strength in chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain Res. 2019; 12: 915–25. doi:10.2147/JPR.S190125
Chuachan S, Kaewmunee W, Thongnun K, Prom-in J, Saelao T, Assawawongsawat N. The effects of modified scapular exercises in participants with neck, scapular and shoulder pain: a randomized trial. Thai J Phys Ther. 2021; 43(1): 31-44.
Silva AG, Punt D, Sharples P, Vilas-Boas JP, Johnson MI. Head posture and neck pain of chronic nontraumatic origin: a comparison between patients and pain-free persons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009; 90(4): 669–74. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.018
Elliott JM, O'Leary SP, Cagnie B, Durbridge G, Danneels L, Jull G. Craniocervical orientation affects muscle activation when exercising the cervical extensors in healthy subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010; 91(9): 1418-22. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.05.014
Muanchat T, Sae-Lee D, Bumrerraj S, Paungmali A, Mator L, Wanpen S, et al. Comparative study of therapeutic effect between scapular stabilized and general exercise in the fourth year’s dental students, Faculty of Dentistry, KhonKaen University. JAMS. 2017; 50(3): 553-65. doi:10.14456/jams.2017.52 (in Thai)
Sureshbabu MA, Nishanth H, Aishwarya A. Immediate effect of chin tuck exercises on craniovertebral angle and shoulder angle among collegiates with forward head posture. BPJ.2021;14(4):2295-8.doi:10.13005/bpj/ 2330
Lewis JS, Valentine RE. The pectoralis minor length test: a study of the intra-rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy in subjects with and without shoulder symptoms. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007; 8(64): 1-10. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-8-64