Development of a Health Care Model for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory: A Research and Development Study

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus remains a significant global public health challenge, and its prevalence is steadily increasing. This research and development study aimed to develop a healthcare model for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory (IFSMT) and to examine clinical and hospital-related outcomes. The participants were 56 patients with type 2 diabetes receiving services at the diabetes clinic of Detudom Crown Prince Hospital. They were purposively selected and divided into two groups: an experimental group of 28 patients who received the developed health care model for type 2 diabetes and a control group of 28 patients who received standard nursing care. The research instruments consisted of the health care model for type 2 diabetes, a personal information questionnaire, a self-care behavior questionnaire, and an outcome recording form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results revealed that (1) the health care model for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, developed based on IFSMT, demonstrated a high content validity index (CVI) ranging from .85 to 1.00. The model was deemed appropriate and clinically applicable, producing the expected outcomes; (2) the overall self-care behavior of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group when controlling for baseline self-care behavior prior to the intervention; and (3) the experimental group had a significantly lower mean HbA1c level (Mean=9.89, SD=1.69) than the control group (Mean=11.32, SD=1.86). The treatment costs in the experimental group (Mean=413.39, SD=109.45) were significantly lower than in the control groups (Mean=492.54, SD=186.78). In conclusion, the healthcare model for patients with type 2 diabetes developed in this study yielded clinical outcomes and may be applicable to hospitals with a similar context to Detudom Crown Prince Hospital, potentially helping to reduce medical costs for this patient group.