การพยาบาลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่และทวารหนัก ที่ได้รับการรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัด
คำสำคัญ:
ผู้ป่วยมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่และทวารหนัก, การพยาบาล, การรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัดบทคัดย่อ
โรคมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่และทวารหนักมีการดำเนินโรคในระยะต้นที่ไม่แสดงอาการ ผู้ป่วยจึงมาพบแพทย์ครั้งแรกส่วนใหญ่อยู่ในระยะหลังของการดำเนินโรค การรักษาหลักของมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่และทวารหนัก คือการผ่าตัด แต่เนื่องจากในระยะหลังเซลล์มะเร็งมีการแพร่กระจายไปยังส่วนต่าง ๆ ของร่างกาย ทำให้หลังการผ่าตัดผู้ป่วยต้องได้รับการรักษาเสริมด้วยยาเคมีบำบัด เพื่อกำจัดเซลล์มะเร็งที่หลงเหลือ เพิ่มอัตราการรอดชีวิตของผู้ป่วย ตลอดช่วงเวลาที่ผู้ป่วยได้รับการรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัด ผู้ป่วยต้องเผชิญกับเหตุการณ์ต่าง ๆ ซึ่งก่อให้เกิดความทุกข์ทรมานทั้งทางร่างกายและจิตใจ พยาบาลเป็นบุคลากรของทีมสุขภาพที่สำคัญในการดูแลผู้ป่วย นอกจากต้องมีความรู้ในการดูแลผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับยาเคมีบำบัดตามมาตรฐานของสภาการพยาบาลที่กำหนดแล้ว ยังควรต้องมีความเข้าใจถึงความคิดและความรู้สึกของผู้ป่วยเมื่อได้รับการรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัด โดยให้การพยาบาลที่ยึดหลักจริยธรรมในการดูแลผู้ป่วยเพื่อแสดงถึงความเข้าใจถึงการเป็นมนุษย์ บทความนี้จะนำเสนอเกี่ยวกับการพยาบาลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่และทวารหนักก่อนให้ยาเคมีบำบัด ระหว่างให้ยาเคมีบำบัด และภายหลังโรคสงบ
เอกสารอ้างอิง
1. World Health Organization. Cancer 2018 fact sheet [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
2. Ministry of Public Health, Strategy and Planning Division. Public health statistics A.D. 2018 [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: http://bps.moph.go.th/ new_bps/sites/default/files/statistic%2061.pdf (in Thai)
3. Brouwer NPM, Bos ACRK, Lemmens VEPP, Tanis PJ, Hugen N, Nagtegaal ID, et al. An overview of 25 years of incidence, treatment and outcome of colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2018;143(11):2758–66.
4. Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. KCMH Tumor registry: Annual report 2014. vol. iv. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press; 2019. (in Thai)
5. Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. KCMH Tumor registry: Annual report 2015. vol. v. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press; 2019. (in Thai)
6. Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. KCMH Tumor registry: Annual report 2016. vol. vi. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press; 2019. (in Thai)
7. Panjan W, Sukarayodhin S, Chaiwerawattana A, Imsamran W, editors. Guideline for screening diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Bangkok: National Cancer Institute; 2015. (in Thai)
8. American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer risk factors [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html
9. Wong MCS, Ding H, Wang J, Chan PSF, Huang J. Prevalence and risk factors of colorectal cancer in Asia. Intest Res 2019;17(3):317-29.
10. American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer facts & figures 2020-2022 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/ research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/colorectal-cancer-facts-and-figures/colorectal-cancer- facts-and-figures-2020-2022.pdf
11. Wild CP, Weiderpass E, Stewart BW, editors. World cancer report: cancer research for cancer prevention [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.iccp-portal.org/sites/default/files/resources/IARC%20World%20Cancer%20Report%202020.pdf
12. Sloan E. Cancer & neural-immune regulation [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.monash.edu/pharm/research/areas/drug-discovery/labs/cancer-neural- immune-regulation
13. Colorectal Cancer Alliance. 2018 Young-onset colorectal cancer survey report [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: https://www.ccalliance.org/about/never-too-young/survey/2018-young-onset-colorectal-cancer-survey-report
14. ClinRisk Ltd. The QCancer® (15yr, colorectal) risk calculator [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: http://qcancer.org/15yr/colorectal
15. Kittrongsiri K, Praditsittikorn N, Chaikledkaew U, Teerawattananon Y. Economic evaluation of colorectal cancer screening among Thai population. Bangkok: National Health Security office; 2015. (in Thai)
16. American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer stages [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staged.html
17. Prasongsook N. Targeted therapy & immunotherapy [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: http://thethaicancer.com/Webdocument/GP_article/GP_article_005.html (in Thai)
18. Tuvayanon W. Perioperative nursing for laparoscopic colectomy [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www2.si.mahidol.ac.th/division/nursing/sins/attachments/article/165/sins-manual-2551-01.pdf (in Thai)
19. Department of Radiology, Chulalongkorn. Colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.chulacancer.net/patient-knowledge-inner.php?gid =30 (in Thai)
20. National Cancer Institute. Standard hand book of working of chemotherapy and patient care after treatment [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: http://www.nci.go.th/th/File_download/drug/NCI-Standard%20FOR%20PDF.pdf (in Thai)
21. American Cancer Society. Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/treating/chemotherapy.html
22. Chemo Experts, Inc. Treatment name: FOLFOX (Folinic acid + Fluorouracil + Oxaliplatin)[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: https://www.chemoexperts.com/ folfox-folinic-acid-fluoro%C2%ADuracil-oxali%C2%ADplatin.html#tip6
23. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC cancer agency cancer drug manual: drug name: Oxaliplatin [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: http://www.bccancer. bc.ca /drug-database-site/Drug%20Index/Oxaliplatin_monograph_1Dec2016.pdf
24. Praserdsri N, Keawmaneephanatchaya C, Treeyapan K, Smith EML, Wamalun C, Manautsa B. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN): a cross-sectional study in cancer patients. Nursing Public Health and Education Journal 2017;18(3):52–62. (in Thai)
25. National Institutes of Health. Long term effect of oxaliplatin treatment in cancer survivors (PREVOX) [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02970526?id=NCT02970526&draw=2&rank=1&load=cart
26. Roche Thailand. Colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.roche.co.th/th/disease-areas/colorectal-cancer.html (in Thai)
27. National Cancer Institute. Colon cancer treatment (PDQ®)–patient version. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 22]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-treatment-pdq
28. American Cancer Society. Targeted therapy drugs for colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal- cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html
29. American Cancer Society. Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/treating/immunotherapy.html
30. Wongpimoln B. Experiences of being nurses working at chemotherapy inpatient unit [Master Thesis of Nursing Science]. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University; 2016. (in Thai)
31. Neuss MN, Gilmore TR, Belderson KM, Billett AL, Conti-Kalchik T, Harvey BE, et al. 2016 Updated American society of clinical oncology/oncology nursing society chemotherapy administration safety standards, including standards for pediatric oncology. J Oncol Pract 2016;12(12):1262-71.
32. O'brien C, O'Kane C, Cancer Therapy Medication Safety Working Group. COSA guidelines for the safe prescribing, dispensing and administration of systemic cancer therapy [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from:
https://wiki.cancer.org.au/australia Clinical_question:What_information_and_assessments_are_required_prior_to_administering_cancer_therapy%3F
33. Thamnipha P. Nursing guide: chemotherapy for ovarian cancer patients [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 1]. Available from https://www2.si.mahidol.ac.th/division/nursing/sins/attachments/article/221/sins_nursing_manual_2558_09.pdf (in Thai)
34. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC CANCER. Symptom management guidelines: fever and neutropenia [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/nursingsite/Documents/7.%20Fever%20and%20Neutropenia.pdf
35. Chanthawong S. Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.Srinagarind Med J 2019;34(1):115-26. (in Thai)
36. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC cancer. Symptom management guidelines: nausea and vomiting [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www. bccancer.bc.ca/nursing-site/Documents/11.%20Nausea%20and%20Vomiting.pdf
37. Drug Information Center Lumphun. Saline solutions - baking powder relieve oral mucositis in patients with chemotherapy [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from: http://www.lpnh.go.th/newlp/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/DIS_news-25-2561.pdf (in Thai)
38. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC cancer. Symptom management guidelines: oral mucositis [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/nursing-site/Documents/12.%20O ral%20Mucositis.pdf
39. Prasertsri N., Kaewmanee C, Khantichitr P, Teeyapan W, Smith EML, Wamalun C, et al. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN): A Cross-Sectional Study in Cancer Patients. Nursing Public Health and Education Journal 2017;18(3):52-62. (in Thai)
40. American Cancer Society. Managing peripheral neuropathy [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/peripheral-neuropathy/managing-peripheral-neuropathy.html
41. Fight Colorectal Cancer. Managing side effects [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: https://fightcolorectalcancer.org/treatment/know-your-treatment-options/managing-side-effects/
42. Pandiselvam R, Manikantan MR, Beegum S, Mathew AC. Virgin coconut oil infused healthy cosmetics. Indian Coconut Journal 2019;30-32.
43. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC cancer. Symptom management guidelines: chemotherapy – induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/nursing-
site/Documents/15.%20Peripheral%20Neuropathy.pdf
44. Piriyakoontorn S, Balthip Q, Naka K. Experiences of the rural elderly with chronic illnesses in applying the Buddha’s teachings to their life. Songklanagarind Journal of Nursing 2014; 34(2):39-52. (in Thai)
45. Hansasiripoj B. Development quality of life index: happiness. Journal of Politics, Administration and Law 2013;5(1):107-29. (in Thai)
46. Tian D, Tian M, Han G, Li JL. Increased glucocorticoid receptor activity and proliferation in metastatic colon cancer. Sci Rep 2019;9(1):11257.
47. Worasiri J. The factors predicting postoperative recovery after colon resection surgery among cancer patients [Master Thesis of Nursing Science]. Pathum Thani: Thammasat University; 2016. (in Thai)
2. Ministry of Public Health, Strategy and Planning Division. Public health statistics A.D. 2018 [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: http://bps.moph.go.th/ new_bps/sites/default/files/statistic%2061.pdf (in Thai)
3. Brouwer NPM, Bos ACRK, Lemmens VEPP, Tanis PJ, Hugen N, Nagtegaal ID, et al. An overview of 25 years of incidence, treatment and outcome of colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2018;143(11):2758–66.
4. Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. KCMH Tumor registry: Annual report 2014. vol. iv. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press; 2019. (in Thai)
5. Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. KCMH Tumor registry: Annual report 2015. vol. v. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press; 2019. (in Thai)
6. Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. KCMH Tumor registry: Annual report 2016. vol. vi. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press; 2019. (in Thai)
7. Panjan W, Sukarayodhin S, Chaiwerawattana A, Imsamran W, editors. Guideline for screening diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Bangkok: National Cancer Institute; 2015. (in Thai)
8. American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer risk factors [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html
9. Wong MCS, Ding H, Wang J, Chan PSF, Huang J. Prevalence and risk factors of colorectal cancer in Asia. Intest Res 2019;17(3):317-29.
10. American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer facts & figures 2020-2022 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/ research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/colorectal-cancer-facts-and-figures/colorectal-cancer- facts-and-figures-2020-2022.pdf
11. Wild CP, Weiderpass E, Stewart BW, editors. World cancer report: cancer research for cancer prevention [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.iccp-portal.org/sites/default/files/resources/IARC%20World%20Cancer%20Report%202020.pdf
12. Sloan E. Cancer & neural-immune regulation [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.monash.edu/pharm/research/areas/drug-discovery/labs/cancer-neural- immune-regulation
13. Colorectal Cancer Alliance. 2018 Young-onset colorectal cancer survey report [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: https://www.ccalliance.org/about/never-too-young/survey/2018-young-onset-colorectal-cancer-survey-report
14. ClinRisk Ltd. The QCancer® (15yr, colorectal) risk calculator [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: http://qcancer.org/15yr/colorectal
15. Kittrongsiri K, Praditsittikorn N, Chaikledkaew U, Teerawattananon Y. Economic evaluation of colorectal cancer screening among Thai population. Bangkok: National Health Security office; 2015. (in Thai)
16. American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer stages [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staged.html
17. Prasongsook N. Targeted therapy & immunotherapy [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: http://thethaicancer.com/Webdocument/GP_article/GP_article_005.html (in Thai)
18. Tuvayanon W. Perioperative nursing for laparoscopic colectomy [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2019 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www2.si.mahidol.ac.th/division/nursing/sins/attachments/article/165/sins-manual-2551-01.pdf (in Thai)
19. Department of Radiology, Chulalongkorn. Colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.chulacancer.net/patient-knowledge-inner.php?gid =30 (in Thai)
20. National Cancer Institute. Standard hand book of working of chemotherapy and patient care after treatment [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: http://www.nci.go.th/th/File_download/drug/NCI-Standard%20FOR%20PDF.pdf (in Thai)
21. American Cancer Society. Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/treating/chemotherapy.html
22. Chemo Experts, Inc. Treatment name: FOLFOX (Folinic acid + Fluorouracil + Oxaliplatin)[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: https://www.chemoexperts.com/ folfox-folinic-acid-fluoro%C2%ADuracil-oxali%C2%ADplatin.html#tip6
23. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC cancer agency cancer drug manual: drug name: Oxaliplatin [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: http://www.bccancer. bc.ca /drug-database-site/Drug%20Index/Oxaliplatin_monograph_1Dec2016.pdf
24. Praserdsri N, Keawmaneephanatchaya C, Treeyapan K, Smith EML, Wamalun C, Manautsa B. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN): a cross-sectional study in cancer patients. Nursing Public Health and Education Journal 2017;18(3):52–62. (in Thai)
25. National Institutes of Health. Long term effect of oxaliplatin treatment in cancer survivors (PREVOX) [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 26]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02970526?id=NCT02970526&draw=2&rank=1&load=cart
26. Roche Thailand. Colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.roche.co.th/th/disease-areas/colorectal-cancer.html (in Thai)
27. National Cancer Institute. Colon cancer treatment (PDQ®)–patient version. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 22]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-treatment-pdq
28. American Cancer Society. Targeted therapy drugs for colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal- cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html
29. American Cancer Society. Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/treating/immunotherapy.html
30. Wongpimoln B. Experiences of being nurses working at chemotherapy inpatient unit [Master Thesis of Nursing Science]. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University; 2016. (in Thai)
31. Neuss MN, Gilmore TR, Belderson KM, Billett AL, Conti-Kalchik T, Harvey BE, et al. 2016 Updated American society of clinical oncology/oncology nursing society chemotherapy administration safety standards, including standards for pediatric oncology. J Oncol Pract 2016;12(12):1262-71.
32. O'brien C, O'Kane C, Cancer Therapy Medication Safety Working Group. COSA guidelines for the safe prescribing, dispensing and administration of systemic cancer therapy [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from:
https://wiki.cancer.org.au/australia Clinical_question:What_information_and_assessments_are_required_prior_to_administering_cancer_therapy%3F
33. Thamnipha P. Nursing guide: chemotherapy for ovarian cancer patients [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 1]. Available from https://www2.si.mahidol.ac.th/division/nursing/sins/attachments/article/221/sins_nursing_manual_2558_09.pdf (in Thai)
34. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC CANCER. Symptom management guidelines: fever and neutropenia [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/nursingsite/Documents/7.%20Fever%20and%20Neutropenia.pdf
35. Chanthawong S. Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.Srinagarind Med J 2019;34(1):115-26. (in Thai)
36. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC cancer. Symptom management guidelines: nausea and vomiting [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www. bccancer.bc.ca/nursing-site/Documents/11.%20Nausea%20and%20Vomiting.pdf
37. Drug Information Center Lumphun. Saline solutions - baking powder relieve oral mucositis in patients with chemotherapy [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from: http://www.lpnh.go.th/newlp/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/DIS_news-25-2561.pdf (in Thai)
38. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC cancer. Symptom management guidelines: oral mucositis [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/nursing-site/Documents/12.%20O ral%20Mucositis.pdf
39. Prasertsri N., Kaewmanee C, Khantichitr P, Teeyapan W, Smith EML, Wamalun C, et al. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN): A Cross-Sectional Study in Cancer Patients. Nursing Public Health and Education Journal 2017;18(3):52-62. (in Thai)
40. American Cancer Society. Managing peripheral neuropathy [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/peripheral-neuropathy/managing-peripheral-neuropathy.html
41. Fight Colorectal Cancer. Managing side effects [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: https://fightcolorectalcancer.org/treatment/know-your-treatment-options/managing-side-effects/
42. Pandiselvam R, Manikantan MR, Beegum S, Mathew AC. Virgin coconut oil infused healthy cosmetics. Indian Coconut Journal 2019;30-32.
43. Provincial Health Services Authority. BC cancer. Symptom management guidelines: chemotherapy – induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/nursing-
site/Documents/15.%20Peripheral%20Neuropathy.pdf
44. Piriyakoontorn S, Balthip Q, Naka K. Experiences of the rural elderly with chronic illnesses in applying the Buddha’s teachings to their life. Songklanagarind Journal of Nursing 2014; 34(2):39-52. (in Thai)
45. Hansasiripoj B. Development quality of life index: happiness. Journal of Politics, Administration and Law 2013;5(1):107-29. (in Thai)
46. Tian D, Tian M, Han G, Li JL. Increased glucocorticoid receptor activity and proliferation in metastatic colon cancer. Sci Rep 2019;9(1):11257.
47. Worasiri J. The factors predicting postoperative recovery after colon resection surgery among cancer patients [Master Thesis of Nursing Science]. Pathum Thani: Thammasat University; 2016. (in Thai)
ดาวน์โหลด
เผยแพร่แล้ว
2021-03-10
ฉบับ
ประเภทบทความ
บทความวิชาการ
สัญญาอนุญาต
เนื้อหาบทความหรือข้อคิดเห็นต่างๆ ในวารสารพยาบาลสภากาชาดไทยนี้ เป็นความคิดเห็นของผู้เขียนบทความ ไม่ใช่ความเห็นของกองบรรณาธิการ หรือสถาบันการพยาบาลศรีสวรินทิรา สภากาชาดไทย
