Effectiveness of the Health Literacy Development Program and Health Behaviors on HbA1c Levels in Persons with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, health literacy, health behaviors, HbA1Abstract
This study was quasi-experimental research with a two-group pretest-posttest design, aiming to examine the effects of the health literacy and health behavior promotion program on HbA1c levels in persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus through a comparison of HbA1c levels before and after the experiment as well as between the experimental and control groups.
A purposive sampling method was used. Sample size was determined using G*Power software. 30 subjects were assigned to the experimental groups and the other 30 belonged to the control group. The experimental instruments were the programs developed from Nutbeam’s health literacy concept in combination with the 3E 2S health behavior principle of the Health Service Support Department. The experiment took 11 weeks with the activities organized at the subdistrict health promotion hospitals during the first two weeks and follow-up phone correspondenced in place of physical visits from week 3 to week 11. Data collection was conducted using a health literacy assessment form, a health behavior assessment form, and HbA1c level tests. The content validity indices of the questionnaires were found at 1.0 and 0.97 respectively, while the reliability of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients w .91 and .89 respectively. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were adopted to analyze the data.
The results indicated that 1) after the end of the program, the experimental group had significantly lower HbA1c levels (mean = 8.21, SD = 0.87) than they did before participation (mean = 9.44, SD = 1.19), and 2) a between-group comparison revealed that, after the end of the program, the experimental group had lower HbA1c levels (mean = 6.61, SD = 0.87) compared to the control group (mean = 8.69, SD = 1.44) at statistical significance of 0.01 level. Therefore, health literacy programs in combination with health behavior should be implemented among persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus so as to control their blood sugar levels
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