Prevalence of High Sodium and Low Potassium Levels and Factors Associated with Sodium Levels from 24-Hour Urinary Excretion among Patients with Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease at Ban Chang Hospital, Rayong Province

Abstract

The cross-sectional survey research aimed to explore the prevalence of high sodium and low potassium intake and examine the associations between age, gender, education level, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. The sample consisted of 126 patients diagnosed with stage 3a and 3b chronic kidney disease (CKD).Data were collected over a two-month period. Research instruments included a general data recording form and a dementia screening tool for elderly patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test.

The results found that the 84 participants had stage 3a chronic kidney disease (n = 84, 66.67%) while 42 had stage 3b chronic kidney disease (n = 42, 33.33%), with a mean age of 65 years (S.D = 7.24). The prevalence of high 24-hour urinary sodium (> 2,000 mg/day) was 57.90% (n = 73), while the prevalence of low potassium (< 3,510 mg/day) was 100%. The urinary excretion within 24 hours and all factors (gender, education, age, BMI, systolic, diastolic, and eGFR) showed no statistically significant association.

In conclusion, the participants with stage 3a and 3b CKD who received the service from Ban Chang Hospital, Rayong province, had high sodium (> 2,000 mg/d) and low potassium urinary excretion (< 3,510 mg/d). The associations between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and all factors displayed no statistical significance (p > .05). However, healthcare providers should monitor patients’ sodium consumption or appropriately test urinary excretion over 24 hours to provide continuous consultation.