Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines in Preventing Infection and Pneumonia Infection among People in a Rural District of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
Keywords:
Effectiveness, Covid-19 Vaccines, Pneumonia InfectionAbstract
This retrospective cohort research by reviewing data from medical records aimed to study the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccine to prevent infection and reduce pneumonia among people in the Phrom Khiri District of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The samples was a population of 32,938 vaccinated people aged above 12 years, who received Covid-19 treatment services between 1 January to 30 April 2022. Study on effectiveness to prevent infection involved 5,157 people who were diagnosed with COVID-19 by ATK or RT-PCR test by hospital. Control group was 1,959 people who received negative last result from ATK or RT-PCR test by hospital, and had never been infected before. Study on effectiveness to reduce pneumonia case group was 103 patients diagnosed with pneumonia, with a control group of 5,414 patients without pneumonia, from Prom Khiri Hospital medical records data. The results of epidemiological investigations and link vaccine data from MOPH IC and Nakhon Si Thammarat Provincial Health Office. Data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression by gender, age and congenital disease variable.
Results revealed that when controlling for gender, age and congenital disease variables, people who received the vaccine against Covid-19, compared with those who haven't been vaccinated, there was no difference in infection (p value > 0.05). For the effectiveness in reducing the incidence of pneumonia, it was found that patients who got vaccinated with 3 doses reduced the chance of pneumonia by 59.6 % (AOR = 0.404, 95%CI: 0.203 - 0.806). Patients who were vaccinated with 2 doses reduced the chance of pneumonia by 49.6% (AOR = 0.504, 95%CI: 0.269 - 0.944).
Per findings, service units and public health personnel should encourage people to receive the Covid-19 vaccine at least 3 doses in order to reduce occurrence of pneumonia in when getting Covid-19 infection.
References
Auraireugkul, C. (2021). Evaluating the efficiency of COVID-19 vaccinations. Retrieved 10 May 2022, from http://doh.hpc.go.th/bs/issueDisplay.php?id=595&category=B10 &issue=CoronaVirus2019. (in Thai)
Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control. (2021). Progress report on COVID 19 vaccine effectiveness studies from real-world use in Thailand in 4 population groups. Retrieved 25 January 2022, from https://ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/files/2103120211008071928.pdf. (in Thai)
Bureau of Information Office of the Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Public Health. (2021). Experts from the Department of Disease Control revealed effectiveness of the actual COVID vaccine used in Thailand on July 22, 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2022, from https://pr.moph.go.th/index.php?url=pr/detail/2/04/161619/. (in Thai)
Chuenjai, K. & Punturaumporn, B. (2022). Factors affecting the decision to vaccinate against Coronavirus (COVID-19) of the population in Bangkok. Retrieved 10 May 2022, from https://mmm.ru.ac.th/MMM/IS/twin-9/6214154037.pdf. (in Thai)
Department of Disease Control. (2021). Guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination in the 2021 outbreak situation of Thailand, 1st revised edition. Retrieved 25 January 2022, from https://www.thainapci.org/2021/2021/06/02/download document-pdf-guidelines-37/. (in Thai)
Department of Disease Control. (2021). Guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination in the 2021 outbreak situation of Thailand, 2nd revised edition. Retrieved 25 January 2022, from https://www.rama.mahidol.ac.th/med/th/news/announcement/30082021-1856-th
Department of Disease Control. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine service guidelines (Pfizer, Orange Cap, Children's Formula) for children aged 5 –11 year. Retrieved 25 January 2022, from https://ddc.moph.go.th/vaccine-covid19/getFiles/11/1645689088942.pdf. (in Thai).
Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program. (2021). Research policy brief. Retrieved 25 January 2022, from https://www.hsri.or.th/media/printed-matter/detail/13832. (in Thai)
Kajhonlit, B. & Panthuramphorn, B. (2021). Factors affecting the decision making on Covid-19 vaccination among population in Samutprakarn province. Retrieved 10 May 2022, from https://mmm.ru.ac.th/MMM/IS/sun18/6214070058.pdf. (in Thai)
National Statistical Office. (2021). A survey of people's opinions on the situation of COVID-19 epidemic (vaccine). Retrieved 25 January 2022, http://www.nso.go.th/sites/2014/pages/ public opinion poll/2564.aspx
Phajonpai, Khanom, & Pradubpoth. (2022). A Comparative study on immunity level and adverse effects in people who received the astraZeneca vaccine or the Pfizer vaccine booster dose via Intradermal versus intramuscular injection. Journal of Health Sciences and Pedagogy, 2(3), 1-15.
Phrom Khiri District Health Office. (2022). Report on the situation of the outbreak of COVID-19. Nakhon Si Thammarat. (in Thai)
Ratchakul, J., Suwannit, C., Tuangratnanon, T., Ruengsom, P., Hatsaro, C., & Wiboonphan, S. (2021). Survey of public perspectives toward population adherence to COVID-19 mitigation policy following the outbreak in the first half of 2021. (Research paper). Health Systems Research Institute. (in Thai).
Royal Thai Government. (2022). Press release on the 2019 corona virus infection situation. Retrieved 28 April 2022, from https://www.thaigov.go.th/news/contents/details/52281. (in Thai)
Royal Thai Government. (2022). Press release on the 2019 corona virus infection situation. Retrieved 28 April 2022, from https://www.thaigov.go.th/news/contents/details/53427 (in Thai)
Royal Thai Government. (2022). Press release on the 2019 corona virus infection situation. Retrieved 28 April 2022, from https://www.thaigov.go.th/news/contents/details/41538 (in Thai)
Sritipsukho, P., Siribumrungwong, B., Tantiyavarong, P., Satdhabudha, A., Damronglerd, P., Jaru- Ampornpan, J. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Thailand: a real world study (1st Year). from https://kb.hsri.or.th/dspace/bitstream/handle/11228/5535/hs2780.pdf?sequence=1&isAllo wed=y. (in Thai).
Wanitbancha, K. (2006). Data analysis for study. (2nd ed). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Si Thammarat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของ วิทยาลัยพยาบาลบรมราชชนนี นครศรีธรรมราช
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับวิทยาลัยพยาบาลบรมราชชนนี นครศรีธรรมราช และบุคคลากรท่านอื่น ๆ ในวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใดๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
