The Effect of a Self-Care Promotion Program on Knowledge, Self-Care Behaviors, and Anxiety in Thyroid Cancer Patients Before High-Dose Iodine-131 Treatment
Keywords:
Self-Care Promotion Program, Self-Care Behaviors, Anxiety, Thyroid Cancer, Iodine-131Abstract
This quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the effects of a self-care promotion program on the knowledge, self-care behaviors, and anxiety of thyroid cancer patients before undergoing high-dose Iodine-131 treatment at a Cancer Specialized Hospital from October 2022 to August 2023. Participants were selected based on specific criteria and randomly divided into two groups: 36 individuals in the control group, who received standard nursing care, and 36 individuals in the experimental group, who participated in a six-week self-care promotion program. Data were collected using a personal information questionnaire, a thyroid cancer and preparation knowledge questionnaire, a self-care behavior questionnaire before high-dose Iodine-131 treatment, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventor. The reliability coefficients of these questionnaires were 0.79, 0.82, and 0.91, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comparisons within the experimental group before and after the program were made using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test and Paired t-test, while comparisons between the control and experimental groups were made using the Mann-Whitney U test and Independent t-test.
The results that after participating in the six-week program, the experimental group had significantly higher knowledge scores and lower anxiety scores compared to before the program. Additionally, their self-care behavior scores were significantly higher two weeks after the program (p= .001). Six weeks after the program, the experimental group had significantly higher knowledge and self-care behavior scores and significantly lower anxiety scores compared to the control group (p= .007, p= .000, and p= .002, respectively).
It is recommended that the self-care promotion program be implemented as a guideline for caring for thyroid cancer patients who require high-dose Iodine-131 treatment. This program can enhance patients' knowledge and understanding of how to prepare for the treatment, leading to better self-care behaviors and reduced anxiety, ensuring that patients attend their treatment appointments as scheduled.
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