Predictive Factors of Health Literacy among Older Adults with Hypertension in Mueang Chaiyaphum District, Chaiyaphum Province
Keywords:
Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy, Hypertension, Social Support, Older AdultsAbstract
This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to examine the predictive factors of health literacy among older adults with hypertension. The sample consisted of 410 older adults aged 60 years and above who had been diagnosed with hypertension and were residing in Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province. A multistage sampling technique was employed. The research instrument was a questionnaire validated by three experts, with item–objective congruence (IOC) values ranging from 0.67 to 1.00. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding values of 0.81, 0.83, and 0.84 for the respective sections. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple linear regression.
The results revealed that the overall level of health literacy among older adults with hypertension was moderate (M = 50.73, SD = 14.66). Self-efficacy was at a moderate level (M = 3.01, SD = 0.39), and social support was also at a moderate level (M = 3.06, SD = 0.49). The factors that significantly predicted health literacy were self-efficacy (Beta = 0.58), social support from healthcare personnel (Beta = 0.39), outcome expectations (Beta = –0.265), and social support from media (Beta = -0.17). Together, these factors predicted 34.40% of the variance in health literacy (R² = 0.344), with a prediction error of 11.94. Among these predictors, self-efficacy had the greatest influence on health literacy.
Therefore, it is recommended to enhance self-efficacy among older adults in managing their health, together with appropriate social support, particularly from healthcare personnel, and to develop credible health information media to promote health literacy. The findings can be applied to design suitable programs or interventions to improve health literacy among older adults with hypertension within the community context.
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