Development of the Food Consumption Behaviors Modification Model Based on Lifestyle to Prevent Non-Communicable Diseases Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity

Abstract

This action research aimed to study the causes and guidelines for dietary behavior modification, to develop a model, and to assess nutrition status before and after the development of a dietary behavior modification model to prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A purposive sampling was used for selecting 20 adults. The quantitative measurements used for data collection were questionnaires with 5 parts: 1) personal information, 2) nutrition status, 3) food consumption behaviors for  preventing non-communicable diseases, 4) Body Mass Index (BMI) record form, and 5) waist to hip circumference ratio record from. Qualitative instruments included group discussion and in-depth interview guidelines, and interview recording form for participant observation. Content validity was tested by 5 experts. Food consumption behavior questionnaire for preventing NCDs was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient yielding the coefficient
of 0.85. Quantitative data was analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, and paired sample t-test while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that food consumption behavior modification to prevent NCDs was consisted of 4 steps: 1) building good relationships with the community, 2) planning, 3) practice, and 4) development and improvement. After the program, participants’ average BMI reduced from 27.85 kg/m² (SD=3.89) to 27.10 kg/m² (SD=1.54) while mean waist-to-hip ratio also decreased from 0.88 (SD=0.07) to 0.81 (SD=0.06).