Associations between COVID-19 Vaccine and Severity of COVID-19, Chaiyaphum Hospital: 2021-2022

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to study the situation of COVID-19 vaccination  among patients with severe symptoms and relationships between COVID-19 vaccination and severity of  COVID-19 among patients in Chaiyaphum hospital. The study used a retrospective research design. Samples were 440 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Chaiyaphum hospital during July 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022. The  samples were selected through systematic sampling and classified into 4 groups: green, yellow, red and dead groups with 110 patients in each group. Data on patients’ illness history were collected  from the hospital’s HOSxP database while history of  COVID-19 vaccination was collected from MOPH Immunization Center Dashboard (MOPH IC). The data  were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at p=0.05. 

Results showed that the majority of patients were females (58.6%) with aged 60 years or older (35.7%). Regarding history of COVID-19 vaccination among the patients with different level of severity, the majority of patients in dead group did not receive COVID-19 vaccine (77.3%) while those who received 1-2 doses and those who received 3 doses were accounted for 21.8% and 0.9 % respectively. Percent of patients in red group (patients with severe symptoms) who did not receive vaccines was 47.3%, while those who received 1-2 doses was 50.9% and those who received 3 doses was 1.8 %. Percent of patients in yellow and green groups (moderate or minimal symptoms) who did not receive vaccines were 22.7% and 19.1%, respectively, while those who received 1-2 doses were 60.0% and 60.9 percent, respectively and those who received 3 doses were 17.3% and 20.0%, respectively. Number of COVID-19 vaccine dose received and level of severity of COVID-19 illness were significantly associated at p<0.001. It was also found that COVID-19 deaths and patients in the red group were predominantly elderly and those with underlying illness and did not receive vaccine or did not fully vaccinated.

It is recommended from this study to emphasis on COVID-19 vaccination especially the booster doses. Elderly and persons with underlying illness (608) should be encouraged to receive vaccines along with continuous prevention measures.