Chloroquine retinopathy : a case report
Keywords:
chloroquine retinopathy, chloroquine toxicity, drug-induced maculopathy, drug-induced retinopathyAbstract
Retinopathy is the most serious side-effect of oral chloroquine treatment. The incidence of 1-28% has been reported. To date, there is no effective treatment for this condition. Awareness, early detection and cessation of the medication promptly at the beginning of this condition could save the patient’s sight. This paper reports a case of 45 year-old woman who developed chloroquine retinopathy after taking the drug in daily recommended dose to treat mixed connective tissue diseases for 1 year and 4 months.
References
Roquee RM, Roque BL, Foster CS, et al. Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity. (available from: URL:http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic245.htm)
Bernstein H, Zvaifler N, Rubin M, Mansour AM. The Ocular deposition of chloroquine. Invest Ophthalmol 1963; 2: 384-92.
Henkind P, Rothfield NF. Ocular abnormalities in patients treated with synthetic antimalarial drugs. N Engl J Med 1963; 269: 433-9.
Elman A, Gullberg R, Nilsson E, Rendahl I, Wachtmeister L. Chloroquine retinopathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1976; 5: 161-6.
Cruess AF, Schachat AP, Nicholl J, Augsburger JJ. Chloroquine retinopathy. Is fluorescein angiography necessary? Ophthalmology 1985; 92: 1127-9.
Tobin DR, Krohel G, Rynes RI. Hydroxychloroquine. Seven-year experience. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 81-3.
Bernstein HN. Ocular safety of Hydroxychloroquine sulphate (plaquenil). South Med J 1992; 85: 274-9.
Levy GD, Munz SJ, Paschal J, Cohen HB, Pince KJ, PetersonT. Incidence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in 1,207 patients in a large multicenter outpatient practice. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 1482-6.
Fishman GA. Retinal toxicity with the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. In: Heckenlively JR, Arden GB, eds. Principle and Practice of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. St. Louis: Mosby 1991: 594–599.
Bernstein HN, Ginsberg J. The pathology of chloroquine retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1964; 71: 238–45.
Mushinski JF, Yielding KL, Munday JS. A comparison of the in vitro effects of steroid hormones and certain antimalarial compounds. Arthritis Rheum 1962; 5: 118.
Wright CI, Sabine J. Cholinesterases of human erythrocytes and plasma and their inhibition by anti-malarial drugs. Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1948; 93: 230–9.
Ivanina TA, Sakina NL, Lebedeva MN, Borovjagin VL. A Study of the Mechanisms of chloroquine retinopathy II. Chloroquine effect on protein synthesis of retina. Ophthalmic Res 1989; 21: 272-7.
Matsumura M, Ohkuma M, Tsukahara I. Experimental chloroquine retinopathy. Ophthalmic Res 1986; 18: 172-9.
American Academy of Ophthalmology (2005). Comprehensive Adult Medical Eye Evaluation, Preferred Practice Pattern. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Available at: www.aao.org/ppp.
Easterbrook M. Long-term course of antimalarial maculopathy after cessation of the treatment. Can J Ophthalmol 1992; 27: 237-9.
Sassani JW, Brucker AJ, Cobbs W, Campbell C. Progressive chloroquine retinopathy. Ann Ophthalmol 1983; 15: 19-22.
Ruther K, Foerster J, Berrndt S, Schroeter J. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: variability of retinotoxic cumulative doses. Ophthalmologe 2007; 104: 875-9.
So SC, Hedges TR, Schuman JS, Quireza MLA. Evaluation of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy with Multifocal Electroretinography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003; 34: 251-8.
Siripen P, Skowrat K, Mongkol V, et al. Ocular toxicity of Chloroquine among Thai patients. Int J Dermatol 1999; 38: 934-7.
Mackenzie AH. Dose refinements in long term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with antimalarials. Am J Med 1983; 75: 40-5.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2008 Thai Journal of Dermatology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
เนื้อหาและข้อมูลในบทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารโรคผิวหนัง ถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรงซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการวารสาร ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใดๆ
บทความ ข้อมูล เนื้อหา รูปภาพ ฯลฯ ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารโรคผิวหนัง ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารฯ หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำทั้งหมดหรือส่วนหนึ่งส่วนใดไปเผยแพร่ต่อหรือเพื่อกระทำการใดๆ จะต้องได้รับอนุญาตเป็นลายลักอักษรจากบรรณาธิการวารสารโรคผิวหนังก่อนเท่านั้น
