Digoxin Intoxication

Authors

  • Thitipon Yaowaluk Pharmacy Department, Siriraj Hospital

Keywords:

digoxin, digoxin intoxication, digitalis Fab fragment

Abstract

Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation. It inhibits sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphate pumps, which raises calcium levels in myocardial cells, thereby increasing cardiac contraction. Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic range. Common symptoms of digoxin intoxication include nausea, vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, cardiac arrhythmias, and visual disturbances. The characteristics of digoxin intoxication can be divided into two types: acute toxicity and chronic toxicity. Hyperkalemia and bradycardia are more predominant in acute poisoning than in chronic poisoning. The general management of digoxin intoxication is symptomatic treatment. For example, calcium gluconate may be used in cases of hyperkalemia, and atropine may be used for bradycardia and heart block. In cases where atropine therapy is ineffective, the antidote digitalis Fab fragment should be considered. However, this antidote is not available in Thailand.

Author Biography

Thitipon Yaowaluk, Pharmacy Department, Siriraj Hospital

B.S. (Pharm), Ph.D. (Pharmacology and Toxicology)

References

Hack JB. Cardioactive steroids. In: Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum N, editors. Goldfrank’s toxicologic emergencies. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019: 969-76.

Goldberger AL. Cardiac arrhythmias due to digoxin toxicity. In: UpToDate [Database on the internet]. Waltham (MA): UpToDate,Inc.; 2023 [cited 2023 July 3]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com

National Library of Medicine. Digitalis Toxicity [Internet]. Bethesda: NCBI; updated 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 31]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459165/

สัมมน โฉมฉาย. ภาวะพิษจากดิจอกซิน. ใน: จารุวรรณ ศรีอาภา, บรรณาธิการ. ยาต้านพิษ 2. พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 1. กรุงเทพฯ: สมาคมพิษวิทยาคลินิก, 2555. หน้า 37-41.

Benowitz NL. Digoxin and other cardiac glycosides In: Olson KR (ed). Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 7th ed. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill, 2018: 222-24.

MICROMEDEX® [Database on the internet]. Colorado: Thomson Reuters (Healthcare); c1974-2020. POISINDEX® System, Cardiac Glycosides; [cited 2023 Aug 31]. Available from: https://www.micromedexsolutions.com. Subscription required to view.

BMJ Best Practice. Digoxin Toxicity [Internet]. London: BMJ Publishing group; updated 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 31]. Available from: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000257

Kearney TE. Digoxin-specific antibodies In: Olson KR (ed). Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 7th ed. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill, 2018: 542-4.

สัมมน โฉมฉาย. ดิจิทาลิส แฟบ แฟรคเมนท์. ใน: จารุวรรณ ศรีอาภา, บรรณาธิการ. ยาต้านพิษ 2. พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 1. กรุงเทพฯ: สมาคมพิษวิทยาคลินิก, 2555. หน้า 17-21.

Smith SW. and Howland MA. Digoxin-specific antibody fragments. In: Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum N, editors. Goldfrank’s toxicologic emergencies. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019: 977-84.

Collins SR. Digoxin immune FAB (ovine). In: Collins SR, editor. Elsevier’s 2023 intravenous medications. 39th ed. Missouri: Elsevier Inc; 2023. p. 431-3.

GlaxoSmithKline Manufacturing. Lanoxin [Package insert]. Bangkok: Invida (Thailand) Co., Ltd.; 2010.

Downloads

Published

2024-08-31

How to Cite

1.
Yaowaluk T. Digoxin Intoxication. Thai J Hosp Pharm [internet]. 2024 Aug. 31 [cited 2026 Jan. 14];34(2):165-7. available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TJHP/article/view/266378